第1讲：以盼望和患难夸耀
Lecture 1: Glory in hope and tribulation
5:1 所以，我们既因信称义，就当藉着我们的主耶稣基督与神和好。（译者：作者所据拉丁文 habeamus 是劝勉式，意为「让我们保持和好」；和合本修订版作陈述式「得以与神和好」。下文按劝勉式解释。） [n. 381]
5:2 我们又藉着他，因信得以进入现在所站立的这恩典中，并以盼望神儿女的荣耀而夸耀。（译者：末句按作者所据拉丁文 gloriae filiorum Dei 译出，以保留「神儿女的荣耀」及本节和下节「夸耀」的论证；和合本修订版作「欢欢喜喜盼望神的荣耀」。） [n. 383]
5:3 不但如此，我们也在患难中夸耀，因为知道患难生忍耐，
5:4 忍耐使人经得起考验，经得起考验又生盼望。（译者：此处按拉丁文 probatio 译出，以保留第388节对「考验」及「经得起考验」的分别解释；和合本修订版作「忍耐生老练，老练生盼望」。）
5:5 盼望不使人蒙羞，因为神的爱，已藉着所赐给我们的圣灵，浇灌在我们心里。（译者：「不使人蒙羞」按拉丁文 non confundit 译出；和合本修订版作「不至于落空」。第390节从蒙羞与未能获得所盼望之事的关系解释此句。） [n. 390]
5:1 Being justified therefore by faith, let us have peace with God, through our Lord Jesus Christ: [n. 381]
5:2 By whom also we have access through faith into this grace wherein we stand: and glory in the hope of the glory of the sons of God. [n. 383]
5:3 And not only so: but we glory also in tribulation, knowing that tribulation works patience;
5:4 And patience trial; and trial hope;
5:5 And hope does not confound: because the charity of God is poured forth in our hearts, by the Holy Spirit who is given to us. [n. 390]
381. 使徒已经指出基督恩典的必要性，因为没有这恩典，无论外邦人对真理的认识，还是犹太人的割礼和律法，都不能使人得救；现在，他开始赞扬恩典的能力。
381. After showing the need for Christ’s grace, because without it neither the knowledge of the truth benefited the gentiles nor circumcision and the law benefited the Jews unto salvation, the Apostle now begins to extol the power of grace (C. 3, L. 3–C. 4, L. 3).
关于这一点，他做两件事。
Concerning this, he does two things.
首先，指出我们藉恩典获得哪些善；
First, he shows what goods we obtain through grace;
其次，指出我们藉恩典脱离哪些恶，在「这就如罪是从一人」等处。
second, from what evils we are freed by it, at wherefore as by one man (Rom 5:12).
关于第一点，他做两件事。
In regard to the first he does two things.
首先，提出达到恩典的方式，或我们来到恩典中的道路；
First, he indicates the manner of reaching or the way by which we come to grace;
其次，指出我们藉恩典获得的善，在「并以盼望荣耀而夸耀」等处。
second, the good things we obtain through grace, at and glory in the hope of the glory.
关于第一点，他做两件事。
In regard to the first he does two things.
首先，劝勉人恰当地运用恩典；
First, he exhorts to the due use of grace;
其次，向我们指出进入恩典的途径，在「我们藉着他得以进入」等处。
second, he shows us the entrance to grace, at by whom also we have access.
382. 所以，他首先说：以上已经说过，凡相信基督复活的人，其信都要被算为义；基督的复活是我们称义的原因。「所以，我们既因信称义」，即藉相信复活而分有复活的效果，「就当与神和好」，就是顺服并听从他。伯 22:21：「你要与神和好，要和平。」伯 9:4：「谁向神刚硬而得平安呢？」
382. First, therefore, he says: it has been stated that faith will be reputed as justice to all who believe in Christ’s resurrection, which is the cause of our justification. Being justified therefore by faith, inasmuch as through faith in the resurrection we participate in its effect, let us have peace with God, namely, by submitting ourselves and obeying him: agree with God and be at peace (Job 22:21); who has hardened himself against him and been at peace? (Job 9:4).
这是「藉着我们的主耶稣基督」，因为他引导我们进入这种和平。弗 2:14：「他自己是我们的和平。」
And this through our Lord Jesus Christ, who has led us to that peace: he is our peace (Eph 2:14).
383. 因此，他补充「我们藉着他得以进入」，即藉基督，如同藉中保。提前 2:5：「在神和人之间也只有一位中保」，等等。弗 2:18：「我们双方藉着他，在同一位圣灵里得以进到父面前。」
383. Hence he continues, by whom, namely, Christ, we have access as through a mediator: one mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus (1 Tim 2:5); through him we both have access in one Spirit to the Father (Eph 2:18).
我说，进入「这恩典中」，即进入恩典的状态。约 1:17：「恩典和真理却是由耶稣基督来的。」「在其中」，即藉这恩典，我们不仅从罪中复起，还「站立」，以情志在天上的事中坚定挺立。诗 122:2〔武加大本 121:2〕：「我们的脚站在你门内。」又如诗 20:8〔武加大本 19:9〕：「我们却起来，坚立不移。」这是「因信」，即我们藉信获得恩典；并不是说信心先于恩典，因为信心反而是藉恩典而有的。弗 2:8：「你们得救是本乎恩，也因着信。」这就是说，恩典在我们里面的第一个效果，就是信心。（译者：第一处诗篇原文误标「120:21」，今据引文订正为武加大本121:2，即现代编号122:2。）
Access, I say, into this grace, i.e., to the state of grace: grace and truth came through Jesus Christ (John 1:17). Wherein, i.e., through which grace, we have not only risen from sin but we stand firm and erect in the heavens through love: our feet have been standing within your gates, O Jerusalem (Ps 122:2); we have risen and stand upright (Ps 20:8). And this through faith, through which we obtain grace, not because faith precedes grace, since it is rather through grace that there is faith: by grace you have been saved through faith (Eph 2:8), i.e., because the first effect of grace in us is faith.
384. 接着，他说「以盼望荣耀而夸耀」等，指出恩典给我们带来的善。
384. Then when he says, and glory in the hope of the glory, he indicates the blessings that have come to us through grace.
首先，他说，藉恩典，我们有盼望的夸耀；
First, he says that through grace we have the glory of hope;
其次，藉恩典，我们有以神为荣的夸耀，在「不但如此」等处。
second, that through grace we have the glory of God, at and not only so.
关于第一点，他做三件事。
In regard to the first he does three things.
首先，指出我们所夸耀的盼望之伟大；
First, he shows the greatness of the hope in which we glory;
其次，指出它的强烈，在「不但如此」等处；
second, its vehemence, at and not only so;
第三，指出它的坚定，在「盼望不至于落空」等处。
third, its firmness, at and hope does not confound.
385. 盼望的伟大，是根据所盼望之事的伟大来考察的。他提出这事，说：「我们以盼望神儿女的荣耀而夸耀」，即因为我们盼望获得神儿女的荣耀。
385. The greatness of hope is considered in terms of the greatness of things hoped for. He sets this out when he says, and glory in the hope of the glory of the sons of God, i.e., in the fact that we hope to obtain the glory of sons of God.
因为藉基督的恩典，我们领受了「儿子名分的灵」，如下文 8:15 所说。智慧篇 5:5：「他怎么也被列在神的儿子中？」儿女应当承受父的产业，下文 8:17：「若是儿女，就是后嗣。」这产业，就是神在自己里面所具有的荣耀。伯 40:9〔武加大本 40:4〕：「你有神那样的膀臂吗？」等等。这样的盼望，是藉基督赐在我们里面的。彼前 1:3–4：「藉着耶稣基督从死人中复活，重生了我们，使我们有活的盼望，好得到不朽坏的基业」，等等。这荣耀，将来要在我们里面完成，如今则已藉盼望在我们里面开始。下文 8:24：「我们得救是在于盼望。」诗 5:11〔武加大本 5:12〕：「愿那爱你名的人都靠你欢欣。」
For through Christ’s grace we have received the spirit of adoption of sons (Rom 8:15); behold how they have been numbered among the sons of God (Wis 5:5). But to sons is due the father’s inheritance: if sons, heirs also (Rom 8:17). This inheritance is the glory which God has in himself: have you an arm like God, and can you thunder with a voice like his? (Job 40:9). Our hope for this has been given to us by Christ: we have been born anew to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead and to an inheritance which is incorruptible (1 Pet 1:3). This glory, which will be completed in us in the future, is in the meantime begun in us through hope: for we are saved by hope (Rom 8:24); all those who love your name will glory in you (Ps 5:11).
386. 接着，他说「不但如此」等，指出这种盼望的强烈。
386. Then when he says, and not only so, he shows the vehemence of this hope.
因为，强烈盼望某事的人，甚至甘愿为它承受艰难和苦楚；如病人强烈盼望健康，就甘愿喝苦药，好藉它康复。因此，我们因基督而有的盼望之强烈，其标记就是：我们不仅以将来荣耀的盼望夸耀，连为此而受的苦也夸耀。所以，他说「我们不但夸耀」，即以荣耀的盼望夸耀，「也在患难中夸耀」，因为我们藉患难进入荣耀。徒 14:22〔武加大本 14:21〕：「我们进入神的国，必须经历许多艰难。」雅 1:2：「我的弟兄们，你们遭受各种试炼时，都要认为是大喜乐。」
For anyone who vehemently hopes for something endures difficult and bitter things for it, as a sick person who strongly desires health gladly drinks a bitter medicine to be healed by it. Therefore, the sign of the vehement hope we have for Christ is that we glory not only in virtue of our hope of future glory but also in the evils we suffer for it. Hence he says, and not only so, i.e., we not only glory in the hope of glory, but we glory also in tribulation, through which we arrive at glory: through many tribulations we must enter the kingdom of God (Acts 14:22); count it all joy when you meet various trials (Jas 1:2).
387. 他接着说「因为知道」等，指出原因。
387. Then he shows the cause when he says, knowing that.
这里他依次提出四项，其中第一项是患难；论到它，他说「患难生忍耐」。这并不是说，患难是忍耐的动力因，而是说，患难是实行忍耐行为的质料与机会。下文 12:12：「在患难中要忍耐。」
Here he mentions four things in order: the first is tribulation, about which he says, tribulation works patience, not in the sense that tribulation is the cause that begets it, but because suffering is the material and occasion for exercising the act of patience: be patient in tribulation (Rom 12:12).
388. 第二，他说「忍耐使人经得起考验」，提出忍耐的效果。德训篇 2:5：「因为金银应在火里锻炼，神所喜悦的人，也应在谦卑的火炉中锻炼。」（译者：本段以「考验」及「经得起考验」表达 probatio 的两个意义；和合本修订版罗5:4作「老练」。）
388. Second, he mentions the effect of patience when he says, and patience trial: for gold is tested in the fire and acceptable men in the furnace of humiliation (Sir 2:5).
显然，为了更爱的事物，我们容易承受某种事物的损失。因此，一个人为获得永恒的善，而忍耐身体和现世事物方面的损失，就由此充分证明，他更爱永恒的善，胜于现世的善。
For it is plain that we accept the loss of some thing easily for the sake of another thing we love more. Hence, if a person endures patiently the loss of bodily and temporal goods for the sake of obtaining eternal benefits, this is sufficient proof that such a person loves eternal blessings more than temporal.
但与这里所说相反，雅 1:3 说：「你们的信心经过考验，就生忍耐。」
However, James seems to say the opposite: the trial of your faith produces patience (Jas 1:3).
对此应当说，「考验」（probatio）可以有两种理解。第一，就受考验者而言；这样，考验就是使人受试验的患难本身。因此，说患难产生忍耐，与说患难考验忍耐，是同一回事。第二，「考验」可以指「已经经得起考验」；这里说忍耐使人经得起考验，就是按这个意思理解，因为人忍耐承受患难，就因此成为已经经得起考验的人。
The answer is that ‘trial’ can be understood in two ways. In one way, as it takes place in the one tested; then the trial is the very suffering through which a man is tested. Hence, it is the same to say that tribulation produces patience and that tribulation tests patience. In another way, trial is taken for the fact of having been tested. This is the way it is taken here, because if a person endures sufferings patiently, he has been tested.
389. 第三，他补充第三项，说「经得起考验又生盼望」。这是因为一个人既已经经得起考验，他自己和别人就能盼望他被接纳，领受神的产业。智慧篇 3:5：「神试验了他们，发觉他们配作自己的人。」
389. Third, he mentions the third, saying, and trial hope, namely, trial brings about hope, because after a person has been tested, hope can be had by himself and by others that he will be admitted to God’s inheritance: God tested them and found them worthy of himself (Wis 3:5).
所以，从始至终可见，患难为盼望预备道路。因此，一个人若强烈地以盼望夸耀，也就会以患难本身夸耀。
Therefore, from the first to the last it is clear that suffering paves the way to hope. Hence, if a person rejoices strongly in hope, it follows that he will glory in his sufferings.
390. 接着，他说「盼望不至于落空」，指出这种盼望的坚定。
390. Then when he says, and hope does not confound, he shows the firmness of such hope.
首先，他提出这一点，说：「盼望」，即我们藉以盼望神儿女荣耀的这种盼望，「不使人蒙羞」，就是不会落空，除非人自己亏负了这盼望。因为，未能获得所盼望之事的人，被说成因自己的盼望而蒙羞。诗 31:1〔武加大本 30:2〕：「耶和华啊，我投靠你，求你使我永不羞愧。」德训篇 2:11：「有谁依赖了上主，而受了耻辱？」（译者：原文此处写 Eccle.，通常表示传道书，但引文出自 Eccli.，即德训篇，今订正。）
First, he asserts it, saying, hope, namely, by which we hope for the glory of the sons of God, does not confound, i.e., does not fail, unless the man fails it. For a person is said to be confounded in his hope, when he falls away from the thing he hoped for: in you, O Lord, have I hoped; let me never be disappointed (Ps 31:1); no one has hoped in the Lord and been disappointed (Sir 2:10).
391. 第二，在「因为神的爱」等处，他提出盼望确实性的两个论据。
391. Second, at because the charity of God, he presents two arguments for the certainty of hope.
第一个来自圣灵的恩赐；
The first is based on a gift of the Holy Spirit;
第二个来自基督的死，在「因为基督为何」等处。
the second on the death of Christ, at for why did Christ (Rom 5:6).
392. 所以，他首先说：我们可以从以下事实知道盼望不使人蒙羞：「因为神的爱，已藉着所赐给我们的圣灵，浇灌在我们心里。」
392. First, therefore, he says: we can be certain that hope does not confound, because the charity of God is poured forth in our hearts, by the Holy Spirit who is given to us.
「神的爱」可以有两种理解。第一，指神爱我们的爱，耶 31:3：「我以永远的爱爱你。」第二，也可以指我们爱神的仁爱，下文 8:38–39：「我深信，无论是死，是活，都不能使我们与神的爱隔绝。」这两种神的爱，都藉所赐给我们的圣灵，浇灌在我们心里。
The love of God can be taken in two ways: in one way, for the love by which God loves us: he loved you with an everlasting love (Jer 31:3); in another way for the love by which we love God: I am sure that neither death, nor life . . . shall be able to separate us from the love of God (Rom 8:38–39). Both these loves of God are poured into our hearts by the Holy Spirit who has been given to us.
因为圣灵是父与子的爱；圣灵赐给我们，就是我们被引入对这爱——即圣灵——的分有之中，而藉这种分有，我们成为爱神的人。我们爱他这件事，也就是他爱我们的标记。箴 8:17：「爱我的，我也爱他。」并「不是我们」先「爱神，而是神」先「爱我们」，如约壹 4:10 所说。
For the Holy Spirit, who is the love of the Father and of the Son, to be given to us is our being brought to participate in the love who is the Holy Spirit, and by this participation we are made lovers of God. The fact that we love him is a sign that he loves us: I love those who love me (Prov 8:17); not that we first loved God but that he first loved us (1 John 4:10).
神爱我们的爱，被说成浇灌在我们心里，是因为藉印在我们里面的圣灵恩赐，这爱在我们心里清楚显明。约壹 3:24：「从这一点，我们知道神住在我们里面」，等等。（译者：原文作约 3:24；实际引文出自约壹 3:24，今订正。）
The love by which he loves us is said to be poured into our hearts, because it is clearly shown in our hearts by the gift of the Holy Spirit sealed in us: by this we know that he abides in us, by the Spirit he has given us (1 John 3:24).
我们爱神的仁爱，被说成浇灌在我们心里，是因为它扩展到灵魂的一切品行和行动，使之完善；如林前 13:4 所说：「爱是恒久忍耐；又有恩慈」，等等。
But the love by which we love God is said to be poured into our hearts, because it reaches to the perfecting of all the moral habits and acts of the soul; for, as is stated in 1 Corinthians: love is patient and kind; love is not jealous or boastful (1 Cor 13:4).
393. 从这段话的两种理解，都能得出「盼望不使人蒙羞」。若把神的爱理解为神爱我们的爱，显然，他不会拒绝把自己赐给所爱的人。申 33:3：「他实在疼爱万民。他的众圣徒都在你手中。」同样，若把神的爱理解为我们爱神的仁爱，显然，他为爱自己的人预备了永恒的善。约 14:21：「爱我的人，我父要爱他」，等等。
393. Both interpretations of these words lead to the conclusion that hope does not confound. For if they are taken to mean the love of God by which he loves us, it is clear that God does not deny himself to those whom he loves: he loved his people; all the holy ones were in his hand (Deut 33:3). Similarly, if they are taken as referring to the love by which we love God, it is clear that he has prepared eternal goods for those who love him: he who loves me will be loved by my Father and I will love him and manifest myself to him (John 14:21).