给退省指导者的指示
Instructions for the One Who Directs a Retreatant
（1）在你给出的默想或默观主题的建议和解释上要节制。如果相关，指出涉及该主题的圣经经文的出处，并忠实地讲述默想或默观中包含的事实。以简要的方式呈现你的解释。
(1) Be sparing in your counsels and in the explanation you give on the subject for meditation or contemplation. If relevant, point out the place where the Scriptural text dealing with the subject can be found and faithfully relate the facts contained in the meditation or contemplation. Present your explanation in a summary manner.
（2）如果在退省过程中，退省者没有经历任何属灵的感动，也就是说，如果他没有感受到爱的燃烧，或没有经历灵魂的黑暗或灵里的动荡，要问他是否忠实地在指定时间做操练，是否诚实地遵循给他的指示。不要犹豫询问这些事情的细节。同时，要记住，一个人完全可以在我们谈到选择时所说的那种 「平静状态」 中做出很好的退省，也就是说，当灵魂意识到带着很大的内在自由和平安经历神操时。
(2) If, during the course of the retreat, the retreatant does not experience any spiritual movement, that is, if he does not feel inflamed with love or does not experience darkness of soul or turmoil of spirit, ask him if he is faithful in making the exercises at the appointed times and if he is honestly following the directions that were given to him. Do not hesitate to ask him to go into detail in these matters. At the same time, remember that a person can certainly make a very good retreat in that “state of tranquility” we spoke of when dealing with the election, that is, when the soul is conscious of going through the Spiritual Exercises with much interior freedom and peace.
（3）如果你看到退省者处于枯燥或受试探中，不要严厉或苛刻地对待他，而要善良和仁慈。鼓励他并为将来坚固他。如果你清楚地看到在他里面发生的事，而且你认为这个认识能帮助他，就告诉他。帮助他为风暴过后无疑会来临的安慰做好准备。
(3) If you see that the retreatant is in desolation or is tempted, do not deal either harshly or severely with him but be kindly and good. Encourage and strengthen him for the future. If you see clearly what is taking place in him, and if you think this knowledge can help him, tell him about it. Help him to make ready for the consolation that undoubtedly will come after the storm passes.
（4）是否应该给退省者那些能使他在圣灵的光照下分辨在他灵魂中发生的不同属灵感动的规则？这个决定应该根据每个退省者的需要来做。在某些情况下，这样的介绍是不可或缺的，但在其他情况下——例如在处理那些过分审视一切或过分谨小慎微的人时——这些信息可能会有害。
（5）在第一周期间特别需要谨慎和明智，当处理一个在属灵事务上没有经验，仍然正面临着诸如人的尊重、对苦难或失败的过度恐惧等世俗障碍的退省者时。第一周的规则对他可能有用，但第二周的规则会有害。第二周这些规则的主题对他来说太微妙和高深，无法从中获益。
(4) Should the retreatant be given the rules that enable him to discern, with the light of the Holy Spirit, the different spiritual movements taking place in his soul? The decision should be made according to the need of each retreatant. Such a presentation is indispensable in certain cases, but in others—when dealing, for example, with persons who overscrutinize everything or who are scrupulous—this information could be harmful.
(5) Discretion and prudence are particularly needed during the course of the First Week, when one is dealing with a retreatant who is unskilled in spiritual matters and who is still meeting head on with such worldly obstacles as human respect, an excessive fear of suffering or failure, and the like. The rules of the First Week could perhaps prove useful for him, but the rules of the Second Week will be harmful. The subject matter of these rules of the Second Week is too subtle and advanced for him to draw profit from them.
（6）当你看到退省者在善的表象下受到恶的试探时，如果看起来有帮助和合适，这就是谈论第二周规则中内容的适当时机。通常，在光照之路（对应第二周的操练）上前进的灵魂更经常在善的表象下受到试探。这种类型的试探在炼净之路（对应第一周的操练）期间比较少见。
(6) When you see that the retreatant is being tempted to something evil under the appearance of a good, then, if it seems helpful and expedient, this is the right time to talk with him about the matter contained in the rules of the Second Week. Normally the soul that is progressing along the illuminative way (which corresponds to the exercises of the Second Week) is more often tempted under the appearance of the good. This type of temptation is more rare during the course of the purgative way, which corresponds to the exercises of the First Week.
（7）当退省者对属灵事物充满爱火时，要警告他不要做出任何承诺或草率仓促地许愿——如果你知道这个人有敏感和浮躁的性格，就更有理由这样做。虽然就其本身而言，在誓愿下做的善工比没有誓愿做的更有功德，虽然人们总是可以鼓励一个人进入他知道要许下顺服、贫穷和贞洁誓愿的修道生活，然而，指导者总是必须最认真地考虑退省者的特定性格和恩赐。这些誓愿和承诺对这个特定的个人来说是帮助还是约束？这些誓愿和承诺对这个人在此时此地来说是平安的泉源还是麻烦的来源？这是最终应该决定我们在这种情况下态度的问题。
(7) During the times when the retreatant is inflamed with love for spiritual things, warn him against making any commitment or taking any ill-considered, hasty vow—all the more reason to do so if you know the person has a susceptible and flighty temperament. Even though in itself a good work done under a vow is more meritorious than one preformed without a vow, and even though one can always encourage a person to enter the religious life in which he knows that the vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity are taken, nevertheless, a director always has to take under the most serious consideration the particular temperament and gifts of the retreatant. Would these vows and these promises be a help or a constraint for this particular individual? Would such vows and promises be a fountain of peace or a source of troubles for this person here and now? This is the question that should ultimately determine our attitude in such a case.
（8）在退省期间，不要影响退省者选择福音的贫穷或一种生活状态而不是另一种，或任何其他形式的承诺。诚然，在神操之外，鼓励所有显示有能力选择独身、童贞、修道生活和各种形式的宗教完美的人可能是允许的，甚至是值得称赞的。然而，在神操过程中，指导者更明智和更好的做法是激励退省者只寻求神的旨意，这样我们的创造主和主就会将自己传达给灵魂，以他的爱和赞美拥抱它，并为它将来能更好地事奉他的道路做准备。因此，不要鼓励这个人偏向这边或那边，而要保持在两者之间的平衡。让创造主不通过任何中介与受造物打交道，受造物也以同样的方式与创造主打交道。这样的心态更尊重神的主动性和灵魂的自由。
(8) During the retreat, do not influence the retreatant to opt for evangelical poverty or for one state of life as opposed to another or for any other kind of commitment. It is true that outside of the Exercises it may be permissible and even praiseworthy to encourage all who give evidence of being able to choose celibacy, virginity, the religious life, and every form of religious perfection. However, during the course of the Spiritual Exercises, it is wiser and better for the director to motivate the retreatant to seek only the divine will so that our Creator and Lord will communicate himself to the soul, embrace it with love and praise of himself, and dispose it for the way where it could better serve him in the future. For this reason do not encourage the person toward one side or the other but remain at equilibrium between the two. Let the Creator deal with the creature without any intermediary and the creature with the Creator in the same way. Such a frame of mind respects more God’s initiative and the soul’s freedom.
（9）要根据想要做神操的人的意愿来调整操练，考虑到他们的性情，即他们的年龄、教育和属灵经验。永远不要提出超出灵魂能力的事。同时，根据他带到退省中的属灵性情，给每个人将来对他有帮助的东西。因此，要给那些渴望过普通基督徒生活的人提供特别省察（第49页）和总体省察（第48页），以及一个使他能每天早上用半小时默想诫命、大罪等的方法（第43-44页）。也建议他每周告解，如果可能的话，每十五天或八天领一次圣餐，如果他愿意的话，甚至每天都领。鼓励他承担一些属灵的怜悯工作，为穷人、受苦和忧伤的人等服务。鼓励他真诚地过受洗者的简单生活，热心地跟随教会的礼仪生活，特别是让圣经（尤其是福音书）成为他常伴的「生命之书」。
(9) Adapt the Exercises to the wishes of the persons who want to make them, taking into account their dispositions, that is, their age, education, and spiritual experience. Never propose anything that goes beyond the soul’s resources. At the same time, give to each person, according to the spiritual dispositions that he brings to the retreat, whatever will be helpful to him in the future. For this reason, offer to the person who aspires to lead an ordinary Christian life the Particular Examination (p. 49) and then the General Examination (p. 48), along with a method to enable him to meditate for half an hour each morning on the Commandments, the capital sins, etc. (pp. 43-44). Also recommend that he go to confession weekly and that, if possible, he receive Communion every fifteen or eight days and even, if he desires it, every day. Encourage him to take on some of the spiritual works of mercy, to apply himself on behalf of the poor, of those who suffer and are distressed, and the like. Encourage him to live sincerely the simple life of the baptized, to follow the liturgical life of the Church with fervor, and especially to make the Bible (particularly the Gospels) his constant companion, his “book of life”.
同样，如果你看到做退省的人没有能使他从神操中获益的天然或属灵能力，他就不应该涉及任何关于选择生活方式的事情，或任何超出第一周的其他操练。特别是当有其他能够取得更大进步的退省者，而你处理每个人的时间有限时，更是如此。
Similarly, if you see that the person making the retreat does not have the natural or spiritual abilities that will enable him to draw profit from the Exercises, he should not become involved in any matter dealing with the election of a way of life or in any other exercises that go beyond those of the First Week. This is especially the case when there are other retreatants capable of greater progress and the time is limited for you to deal with everyone.
（10）对于那些忙于公务或参与其他重要工作，但仍然具有从退省中获益的理想资质，并且能够每天抽出一个半小时做操练的人——你可以让这样的人做不同的操练，并且你应该尽可能地使它们适应他的特定情况。
(10) You can have the person who is busy with public affairs or is involved with other important works, but who nevertheless does have the desired aptitudes to profit from a retreat, and who would be able to put aside an hour and a half each day doing the Exercises—you can have such a person make the different exercises, and you should adapt them the best way you can to his particular situation.
在神操过程中，
退省者在自己里面感受到
「神儿子的自由」
这一点极其重要，
这样就只有圣灵
启发他的决定。
IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT THAT DURING
THE COURSE OF THE SPIRITUAL EXERCISES
THE RETREATANT FEEL WITHIN HIMSELF
“THE FREEDOM OF THE SONS OF GOD”
SO THAT IT IS ONLY THE HOLY SPIRIT
WHO INSPIRES HIS DECISIONS.
退省之后，
他必须作为神的儿子，
尽责地
实行神对他的
旨意。
AFTER THE RETREAT
HE MUST BE CONSCIENTIOUSLY RESPONSIBLE,
AS A SON OF GOD,
IN IMPLEMENTING WHAT GOD’S WILL IS
FOR HIM.