攀登加尔默罗山

与 Ascent of Mount Carmel 对照
圣十字若望
攀登加尔默罗山

圣十字若望生平概述

An Outline of the Life of St. John of the Cross

1542 年。Juan de Yepes 生于阿维拉附近的 Fontiveros(Hontiveros)。

  1. Birth of Juan de Yepes at Fontiveros (Hontiveros), near vila.

通常认为此事发生在 6 月 24 日(圣施洗约翰日)。不过,并无文献证据可证,因为本堂登记簿已在 1544 年的一场火灾中毁坏。主要证据是 Fontiveros 本堂教堂洗礼池上的一段题 inscription,日期为 1689 年。

The day generally ascribed to this event is June 24 (St. John Baptists Day). No documentary evidence for it, however, exists, the parish registers having been destroyed by a fire in 1544. The chief evidence is an inscription, dated 1689, on the font of the parish church at Fontiveros.

?约 1543 年。Juan 的父亲去世。「数年」之后,母亲带着家人迁往 Arévalo,后来又迁往 Medina del Campo。

? c. 1543. Death of Juans father. After some years the mother removes, with her family, to Arévalo, and later to Medina del Campo.

?约 1552–56 年。Juan 在 Medina 的 Colegio de los Niños de la Doctrina 就学。

? c. 1552-6. Juan goes to school at the Colegio de los Ni-os de la Doctrina, Medina.

约 1556–57 年。Don Antonio Álvarez de Toledo 将他带入自己退隐居住的一所医院,打算在自己的庇护下培养他(Juan)领受圣秩。

c. 1556-7. Don Antonio lvarez de Toledo takes him into a Hospital to which he has retired, with the idea of his (Juans) training for Holy Orders under his patronage.

?约 1559–63 年。Juan 就读于 Medina 的耶稣会学院。

? c. 1559-63. Juan attends the College of the Society of Jesus at Medina.

约 1562 年。离开医院,也离开 Álvarez de Toledo 的庇护。

c. 1562. Leaves the Hospital and the patronage of lvarez de Toledo.

1563 年。在 Medina del Campo 的圣安妮修院穿上加尔默罗会会衣,取名 Juan de San Matías(Santo Matía)。

  1. Takes the Carmelite habit at St. Annes, Medina del Campo, as Juan de San Matías (Santo Matía).

人们常常(毫无根据地)假定这一天是圣马提亚瞻礼(2 月 24 日),但 P. Silverio 推定为八月或九月的某一天,而 P. Crisógono 认为二月肯定不大可能。

The day is frequently assumed (without any foundation) to have been the feast of St. Matthias (February 24), but P. Silverio postulates a day in August or September and P. Crisógono thinks February definitely improbable.

1564 年。在同一修院发愿——大概在八月或九月,且肯定不早于 5 月 21 日,不迟于十月。

  1. Makes his profession in the same priory probably in August or September and certainly not earlier than May 21 and not later than October.

1564 年(十一月)。以 artista 身份进入萨拉曼卡大学。修读三年文科课程(1564–67)。

1564 (November). Enters the University of Salamanca as an artista. Takes a three-year course in Arts (1564-7).

1565 年(1 月 6 日)。在萨拉曼卡大学注册入学。

1565 (January 6). Matriculates at the University of Salamanca.

1567 年。领受司铎圣秩(大概在夏季)。

  1. Receives priests orders (probably in the summer).

1567 年(?九月)。在 Medina del Campo 遇见圣德肋撒。Juan 正在考虑转入加尔都西会。圣德肋撒请他加入她的赤足改革,以及计划中第一个男修会会院的创立。他同意这样做,条件是该会院很快建立。

1567 (? September). Meets St. Teresa at Medina del Campo. Juan is thinking of transferring to the Carthusian Order. St. Teresa asks him to join her Discalced Reform and the projected first foundation for friars. He agrees to do so, provided the foundation is soon made.

1567 年(十一月)。返回萨拉曼卡大学,修读一年神学课程。

1567 (November). Returns to the University of Salamanca, where he takes a years course in theology.

1568 年。在 Medina del Campo 度过长假期的一部分。8 月 10 日,陪同圣德肋撒前往 Valladolid。九月返回 Medina,后来前往阿维拉和 Duruelo。

  1. Spends part of the Long Vacation at Medina del Campo. On August 10, accompanies St. Teresa to Valladolid. In September, returns to Medina and later goes to Avila and Duruelo.

1568 年(11 月 28 日)。与 Medina 穿鞋加尔默罗会院长 Antonio de Heredia(Antonio de Jesús),以及另一位来自 Medina 的加尔默罗会士 José de Cristo 一同,在 Duruelo 发改革会的誓愿,取名圣十字若望。

1568 (November 28). Takes the vows of the Reform Duruelo as St. John of the Cross, together with Antonio de Heredia (Antonio de Jesus), Prior of the Calced Carmelites at Medina, and José de Cristo, another Carmelite from Medina.

1570 年(6 月 11 日)。随 Duruelo 团体迁往 Mancera de Abajo。

1570 (June 11). Moves, with the Duruelo community, to Mancera de Abajo.

1570 年(十月,或可能为 1571 年二月)。在 Pastrana 停留约一个月,随后返回 Mancera。

1570 (October, or possibly February 1571). Stays for about a month at Pastrana, returning thence to Mancera.

1571 年(?1 月 25 日)。前往 Alba de Tormes,参加那里一座新修院的启用礼。

1571 (? January 25). Visits Alba de Tormes for the inauguration of a new convent there.

1571 年(?四月)。前往 Alcalá de Henares,担任改革会学院院长,并指导加尔默罗修女。

1571 (? April). Goes to Alcalá de Henares as Rector of the College of the Reform and directs the Carmelite nuns.

1572 年(4 月 23 日后不久)。被召回 Pastrana,以纠正新任初学导师 Angel de San Gabriel 的严苛做法。

1572 (shortly after April 23). Recalled to Pastrana to correct the rigours of the new novice-master, Angel de San Gabriel.

1572 年(五月至九月之间)。前往阿维拉,担任道成肉身修院的告解神师。留在那里直到 1577 年。

1572 (between May and September). Goes to vila as confessor to the Convent of the Incarnation. Remains there till 1577.

1574 年(三月)。陪同圣德肋撒从阿维拉前往 Segovia,于 3 月 18 日抵达。约于月底返回阿维拉。

1574 (March). Accompanies St. Teresa from vila to Segovia, arriving on March 18. Returns to vila about the end of the month.

1575–76 年(冬季:1576 年二月以前)。被穿鞋会士绑架,并囚禁于 Medina del Campo。经教廷大使 Ormaneto 干预获释。

1575-6 (Winter of: before February 1576). Kidnapped by the Calced and imprisoned at Medina del Campo. Freed by the intervention of the Papal Nuncio, Ormaneto.

1577 年(12 月 2 日或 3 日)。被穿鞋会士绑架,并作为囚犯带往 Toledo 的穿鞋加尔默罗会修院。

1577 (December 2 or 3). Kidnapped by the Calced and carried off to the Calced Carmelite priory at Toledo as a prisoner.

1577–78 年。在狱中创作《灵歌》的 17 节(或可能是 30 节)(即直到「犹太女子们」那一节);创作带有副歌「虽是黑夜」的诗;以及以「太初有道」开头的诗节。他也可能创作了诗篇《我们在巴比伦河边》的意译,以及诗作「黑夜」。(注:所有这些诗的诗体形式,均见本版第二卷。)

1577-8. Composes in prison 17 (or perhaps 30) stanzas of the Spiritual Canticle (i.e., as far as the stanza: Daughters of Jewry); the poem with the refrain Although tis night; and the stanzas beginning In principio erat verbum. He may also have composed the paraphrase of the psalm Super flumina and the poem Dark Night. (Note: All these poems, in verse form, will be found in Vol. II of this edition.)

1578 年(8 月 16 日或稍后)。逃往 Toledo 的加尔默罗修女修院,随后由 Toledo 参事 D. Pedro González de Mendoza 带到自己家中。

1578 (August 16 or shortly afterwards). Escapes to the convent of the Carmelite nuns in Toledo, and is thence taken to his house by D. Pedro González de Mendoza, Canon of Toledo.

1578 年(10 月 9 日)。参加在 Almodóvar 举行的赤足会长上会议。因院长在罗马,被派往 El Calvario 担任代理院长。

1578 (October 9). Attends a meeting of the Discalced superiors at Almodóvar. Is sent to El Calvario as Vicar, in the absence in Rome of the Prior.

1578 年(十月底)。在 El Calvario 附近的 Beas de Segura 停留「几天」。在 Beas 的加尔默罗修院为修女听告解。

1578 (end of October). Stays for a few days at Beas de Segura, near El Calvario. Confesses the nuns at the Carmelite Convent of Beas.

1578 年(十一月)。抵达 El Calvario。

1578 (November). Arrives at El Calvario.

1578–79 年(十一月至六月)。留在 El Calvario 担任代理院长。在此期间的一部分时间里(大概从 1579 年初起),每周前往 Beas 修院听告解。在此期间,开始撰写题为《攀登加尔默罗山》(参见下文第 9–314 页)和《灵歌》(译于第二卷)的注释。

1578-9 (November-June). Remains at El Calvario as Vicar. For a part of this time (probably from the beginning of 1579), goes weekly to the convent of Beas to hear confessions. During this period, begins his commentaries entitled The Ascent of Mount Carmel (cf. pp. 9-314, below) and Spiritual Canticle (translated in Vol. II).

1579 年(6 月 14 日)。在 Baeza 创立一所改革会学院。1579–82 年。居于 Baeza,担任加尔默罗学院院长。偶尔探访 Beas 修院。继续撰写在 El Calvario 开始的散文著作,并写成「灵歌」其余各节,除最后五节外;也可能同时写了这些诗节的注释。

1579 (June 14). Founds a college of the Reform at Baeza. 1579-82. Resides at Baeza as Rector of the Carmelite college. Visits the Beas convent occasionally. Writes more of the prose works begun at El Calvario and the rest of the stanzas of the Spiritual Canticle except the last five, possibly with the commentaries to the stanzas.

1580 年。其母去世。

  1. Death of his mother.

1581 年(3 月 3 日)。参加改革会在 Alcalá 召开的会议。被任命为第三议定司铎,并为 Granada 的 Los Mártires 会院院长。后一职务直到 1582 年三月由团体选举他时或其前后才就任。

1581 (March 3). Attends the Alcalá Chapter of the Reform. Appointed Third Definitor and Prior of the Granada house of Los Mártires. Takes up the latter office only on or about the time of his election by the community in March 1582.

1581 年(11 月 28 日)。在阿维拉最后一次会见圣德肋撒。次日,偕同两位修女启程前往 Beas(12 月 8 日至 1 月 15 日)和 Granada。

1581 (November 28). Last meeting with St. Teresa, at vila. On the next day, sets out with two nuns for Beas (December 8-January 15) and Granada.

1582 年(1 月 20 日)。抵达 Los Mártires。

1582 (January 20). Arrives at Los Mártires.

1582–88 年。主要在 Granada。1583 年,由 Almodóvar 会议再次选为(或确认其为)Los Mártires 院长。直到 1584 年,基本连续居于 Los Mártires,此后则间歇居住。偶尔探访 Beas 修院。在这些探访中的某一次,写成「灵歌」最后五节。在 Los Mártires 完成《攀登加尔默罗山》,并撰写其余散文论著。约于 1585 年,应 Doña Ana de Peñalosa 的请求,在十五天内写成《爱的活焰》。

1582-8. Mainly at Granada. Re-elected (or confirmed) as Prior of Los Mártires by the Chapter of Almodóvar, 1583. Resides at Los Mártires more or less continuously till 1584 and intermittently afterwards. Visits the Beas convent occasionally. Writes the last five stanzas of the Spiritual Canticle during one of these visits. At Los Mártires, finishes the Ascent of Mount Carmel and composes his remaining prose treatises. Writes Living Flame of Love about 1585, in fifteen days, at the request of Doña Ana de Peñalosa.

1585 年(五月)。Lisbon 会议任命他为第二议定司铎,并为 Andalusia 省副会长(任至 1587 年)。他创立以下会院:Málaga,1585 年 2 月 17 日;Córdoba,1586 年 5 月 18 日;La Manchuela(de Jaén),1586 年 10 月 12 日;Caravaca,1586 年 12 月 18 日;Bujalance,1587 年 6 月 24 日。

1585 (May). Lisbon Chapter appoints him Second Definitor and (till 1587) Vicar-Provincial of Andalusia. Makes the following foundations: Málaga, February 17, 1585; Córdoba, May 18, 1586; La Manchuela (de Jaén), October 12, 1586; Caravaca, December 18, 1586; Bujalance, June 24, 1587.

1587 年(四月)。Valladolid 会议再次任命他为 Los Mártires 院长。他不再担任议定司铎和省副会长。

1587 (April). Chapter of Valladolid re-appoints him Prior of Los Mártires. He ceases to be Definitor and Vicar-Provincial.

1588 年(6 月 19 日)。参加改革会在 Madrid 召开的第一次总会议。被选为第一议定司铎和参议员。

1588 (June 19). Attends the first Chapter-General of the Reform in Madrid. Is elected First Definitor and a consiliario.

1588 年(8 月 10 日)。成为 Segovia 院长;该处是改革会的中央会院,也是咨议会总部。在总会副会长 P. Doria 离席期间,代理其职务。

1588 (August 10). Becomes Prior of Segovia, the central house of the Reform and the headquarters of the Consulta. Acts as deputy for the Vicar-General, P. Doria, during the latters absences.

1590 年(6 月 10 日)。在 Madrid 特别总会议上再次被选为第一议定司铎和参议员。

1590 (June 10). Re-elected First Definitor and a consiliario at the Chapter-General Extraordinary, Madrid.

1591 年(6 月 1 日)。Madrid 总会议免去他的职务,并决定派他前往 Mexico。(后一决定后来被撤销。)

1591 (June 1). The Madrid Chapter-General deprives him of his offices and resolves to send him to Mexico. (This latter decision was later revoked.)

1591 年(8 月 10 日)。抵达 La Peñuela。

1591 (August 10). Arrives at La Pe-uela.

1591 年(9 月 12 日)。发热病。(九月)离开 La Peñuela 前往 Úbeda。(12 月 14 日)卒于 Úbeda。

1591 (September 12). Attacked by fever. (September Leaves La Pe-uela for beda. (December 14) Dies at beda.

1675 年 1 月 25 日。由教宗克勉十世宣福。

January 25, 1675. Beatified by Clement X.

1726 年 12 月 26 日。由教宗本笃十三世封圣。

December 26, 1726. Canonized by Benedict XIII.

1926 年 8 月 24 日。由教宗庇护十一世宣布为普世教会圣师。

August 24, 1926. Declared Doctor of the Church Universal by Pius XI.