第六段：马利亚——基督之母，教会之母
Paragraph 6. Mary - Mother of Christ, Mother of the Church
963既然已经论述了马利亚在基督和圣灵奥秘中的角色，现在适合考虑她在教会奥秘中的地位。「马利亚……被承认并尊崇为神之母和救赎主之母……她『明显地是基督肢体之母』……因为她以爱参与了教会信徒的诞生，他们是教会元首的肢体。」《教会宪章》53；参阅圣奥古斯丁，《论童贞》6:PL 40,399。「马利亚，基督之母，教会之母。」保禄六世，讲道，1964 年 11 月 21 日。
963Since the Virgin Mary’s role in the mystery of Christ and the Spirit has been treated, it is fitting now to consider her place in the mystery of the Church. “The Virgin Mary . . . is acknowledged and honored as being truly the Mother of God and of the redeemer. . . . She is ‘clearly the mother of the members of Christ’ . . . since she has by her charity joined in bringing about the birth of believers in the Church, who are members of its head.”LG 53; cf. St. Augustine, De virg. 6:PL 40,399. “Mary, Mother of Christ, Mother of the Church.”Paul VI, Discourse, November 21, 1964.
一、马利亚作为教会的母亲
I. Mary’s Motherhood with Regard to the Church
完全与她的儿子结合……
Wholly united with her Son. . .
964马利亚在教会中的角色与她和基督的结合是分不开的，直接从其中流出。「母亲与圣子在救恩工程上的这种结合，从基督童贞成孕时起，直到他死亡时为止，是显而易见的」；《教会宪章》57。尤其在他受难时更加彰显：
964Mary’s role in the Church is inseparable from her union with Christ and flows directly from it. “This union of the mother with the Son in the work of salvation is made manifest from the time of Christ’s virginal conception up to his death”;LG 57. it is made manifest above all at the hour of his Passion:
因此，在信心的朝圣旅程中，蒙福的马利亚不断前进，忠实地坚持到十字架下与圣子的结合。在那里，她站立着，按照神的计划，与她的独生子一起忍受他剧烈的苦难，以母亲的心与他的牺牲结合在一起，慈爱地同意将她所生的这位祭品献上：就是被钉死在十字架上的基督耶稣，把她赐给他的门徒作母亲，说：「妇人，看你的儿子。」《教会宪章》58；参阅约 19:26-27。
Thus the Blessed Virgin advanced in her pilgrimage of faith, and faithfully persevered in her union with her Son unto the cross. There she stood, in keeping with the divine plan, enduring with her only begotten Son the intensity of his suffering, joining herself with his sacrifice in her mother’s heart, and lovingly consenting to the immolation of this victim, born of her: to be given, by the same Christ Jesus dying on the cross, as a mother to his disciple, with these words: “Woman, behold your son.”LG 58; cf. Jn 19:26-27.
965在她圣子升天后，马利亚「以她的祈祷帮助教会的开始」。《教会宪章》69。在她与使徒们和几位妇女的共融中，「我们也看到马利亚以她的祈祷恳求圣灵的恩赐，圣灵曾在预报时笼罩了她」。《教会宪章》59。
965After her Son’s Ascension, Mary “aided the beginnings of the Church by her prayers.”LG 69. In her association with the apostles and several women, “we also see Mary by her prayers imploring the gift of the Spirit, who had already overshadowed her in the Annunciation.”LG 59.
……也在她的蒙召升天中
. . . also in her Assumption
966「最后，当无玷的马利亚在世上生命行程终了时，蒙恩保护她免于原罪的一切玷污，灵魂肉身被接到天上的荣耀里，并被主举扬为普世之后，为能更圆满地肖似她的圣子，万主之主，罪恶与死亡的战胜者。」《教会宪章》59；参阅庇护十二世，《最慷慨的神》（1950）：DS 3903；参阅启 19:16。蒙福马利亚的蒙召升天是以独特方式分享她圣子的复活，并预示其他基督徒的复活：
966“Finally the Immaculate Virgin, preserved free from all stain of original sin, when the course of her earthly life was finished, was taken up body and soul into heavenly glory, and exalted by the Lord as Queen over all things, so that she might be the more fully conformed to her Son, the Lord of lords and conqueror of sin and death.”LG 59; cf. Pius XII, Munificentissimus Deus (1950):DS 3903; cf. Rev 19:16. The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin is a singular participation in her Son’s Resurrection and an anticipation of the resurrection of other Christians:
诞生时，你保持了童贞；安息时，神之母啊，你没有离开这世界，却与生命的泉源结合。你孕育了永生的神，以你的祈祷，将我们的灵魂从死亡中拯救。拜占庭礼仪，圣颂，圣母安息瞻礼，8 月 15 日。
In giving birth you kept your virginity; in your Dormition you did not leave the world, O Mother of God, but were joined to the source of Life. You conceived the living God and, by your prayers, will deliver our souls from death.Byzantine Liturgy, Troparion, Feast of the Dormition, August 15th.
……在恩典的秩序中，她是我们的母亲
. . . she is our Mother in the order of grace
967马利亚完全服从圣父的旨意，完全顺从圣子的救赎工程，完全随从圣灵的感动，因此她是教会信心和爱的典范。这样，她是「教会卓越的……独特的成员」；的确，她是教会的「典型实现」（typus）。《教会宪章》53；63。
967By her complete adherence to the Father’s will, to his Son’s redemptive work, and to every prompting of the Holy Spirit, the Virgin Mary is the Church’s model of faith and charity. Thus she is a “preeminent and . . . wholly unique member of the Church”; indeed, she is the “exemplary realization” (typus)LG 53; 63. of the Church.
968她对教会和全人类的角色更进一步。「她以顺从、信心、盼望和炽热的爱，以完全独特的方式，在救主恢复超性生命于灵魂的工程上合作。为此，在恩典的秩序中，她是我们的母亲。」《教会宪章》61。
968Her role in relation to the Church and to all humanity goes still further. “In a wholly singular way she cooperated by her obedience, faith, hope, and burning charity in the Savior’s work of restoring supernatural life to souls. For this reason she is a mother to us in the order of grace.”LG 61.
969「马利亚在恩典秩序中的母性，从领报时她忠诚地表示同意，并在十字架下坚定不移地持守，一直延续到所有蒙选者获得永恒圆满。她被接升天后，并没有放弃这救援的职务，而是以多种带求，继续为我们获得永生的恩惠……因此，在教会内，马利亚被称为护慰者、扶助者、恩惠施予者和中保。」《教会宪章》62。
969“This motherhood of Mary in the order of grace continues uninterruptedly from the consent which she loyally gave at the Annunciation and which she sustained without wavering beneath the cross, until the eternal fulfillment of all the elect. Taken up to heaven she did not lay aside this saving office but by her manifold intercession continues to bring us the gifts of eternal salvation . . . Therefore the Blessed Virgin is invoked in the Church under the titles of Advocate, Helper, Benefactress, and Mediatrix.”LG 62.
970「马利亚作为人类之母的职责，绝不会遮蔽或减损基督的这一独特中保职分，反而彰显其功效。其实，马利亚对人的一切有益影响……都是从基督功绩的过盈中流溢出来的，以基督的中保职分为根基，完全依靠它，并从中汲取一切力量。」《教会宪章》60。「任何受造物都不能与降生成人的道和救赎主相提并论；但正如基督的祭司职分，以不同方式由他的仆人和信徒分享；又如神的一切美善，以不同方式流溢于受造物，照样，救主的独一中保职分，并不排斥而是引起各种不同形式的合作，分享这唯一泉源。」《教会宪章》62。
970“Mary’s function as mother of men in no way obscures or diminishes this unique mediation of Christ, but rather shows its power. But the Blessed Virgin’s salutary influence on men . . . flows forth from the superabundance of the merits of Christ, rests on his mediation, depends entirely on it, and draws all its power from it.”LG 60. “No creature could ever be counted along with the Incarnate Word and Redeemer; but just as the priesthood of Christ is shared in various ways both by his ministers and the faithful, and as the one goodness of God is radiated in different ways among his creatures, so also the unique mediation of the Redeemer does not exclude but rather gives rise to a manifold cooperation which is but a sharing in this one source.”LG 62.
二、对蒙福马利亚的敬奉
II. Devotion to the Blessed Virgin
971万代要称我为有福：「教会对蒙福马利亚的敬奉是基督徒敬拜固有的一部分。」路 1:48；保禄六世，《童贞马利亚敬奉》56。教会理所当然地「以特殊的敬奉尊崇蒙福马利亚。自古以来，蒙福马利亚就以『神之母』的称号受到尊崇，信徒在各种危难和需要中，都投奔到她的庇护下……这种非常特殊的敬奉……本质上不同于对降生成人的道、圣父和圣灵所给予的敬拜，而且大大地促进这种敬拜。」《教会宪章》66。献给神之母的礼仪庆节和马利亚祈祷，如玫瑰经这「整部福音的摘要」，都表达了对马利亚的这种敬奉。参阅保禄六世，《童贞马利亚敬奉》42；《礼仪宪章》103。
971All generations will call me blessed: “The Church’s devotion to the Blessed Virgin is intrinsic to Christian worship.”Lk 1:48; Paul VI, MC 56. The Church rightly honors “the Blessed Virgin with special devotion. From the most ancient times the Blessed Virgin has been honored with the title of ‘Mother of God,’ to whose protection the faithful fly in all their dangers and needs. . . . This very special devotion . . . differs essentially from the adoration which is given to the incarnate Word and equally to the Father and the Holy Spirit, and greatly fosters this adoration.”LG 66. The liturgical feasts dedicated to the Mother of God and Marian prayer, such as the rosary, an “epitome of the whole Gospel,” express this devotion to the Virgin Mary.Cf. Paul VI, MC 42; SC 103.
三、马利亚——教会的末世图像
III. Mary - Eschatological Icon of the Church
972在谈论了教会、她的起源、使命和终向之后，我们找不到比仰望马利亚更好的总结方式。在她身上，我们默观教会在她自己「信心的朝圣」中，在奥秘里已经是什么，以及在旅程终点的天乡将成为什么。在那里，「在至高和不可分的三位一体的荣耀中」，「在众圣徒的共融中」，《教会宪章》69。教会受到那位她尊敬为她的主和她自己的母亲的马利亚所期待。
972After speaking of the Church, her origin, mission, and destiny, we can find no better way to conclude than by looking to Mary. In her we contemplate what the Church already is in her mystery on her own “pilgrimage of faith,” and what she will be in the homeland at the end of her journey. There, “in the glory of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity,” “in the communion of all the saints,”LG 69. the Church is awaited by the one she venerates as Mother of her Lord and as her own mother.
同时，耶稣的母亲马利亚，以她在天上所拥有的身灵荣耀，是未来世界中教会圆满境界的图像和开端。同样，她在地上光耀，直到主的日子来临，成为朝圣神的子民确实盼望和安慰的记号。《教会宪章》68；参阅彼后 3:10。
In the meantime the Mother of Jesus, in the glory which she possesses in body and soul in heaven, is the image and beginning of the Church as it is to be perfected in the world to come. Likewise she shines forth on earth until the day of the Lord shall come, a sign of certain hope and comfort to the pilgrim People of God.LG 68; Cf. 2 Pet 3 10.
综述
In Brief
973马利亚在领报时说出「愿照你的话成就于我吧」，并同意道降生成人，她已经在与圣子将要完成的整个工程合作。无论在哪里，只要基督是救主和奥体的元首，她就是母亲。
973By pronouncing her “fiat” at the Annunciation and giving her consent to the Incarnation, Mary was already collaborating with the whole work her Son was to accomplish. She is mother wherever he is Savior and head of the Mystical Body.
974当蒙福马利亚在世生命行程完成时，她的灵魂肉身被接到天上的荣耀里，在那里她已经分享她圣子复活的荣耀，预示着他奥体所有肢体的复活。
974The Most Blessed Virgin Mary, when the course of her earthly life was completed, was taken up body and soul into the glory of heaven, where she already shares in the glory of her Son’s Resurrection, anticipating the resurrection of all members of his Body.
975「我们相信，神之母、新夏娃、教会之母，在天上继续为基督的肢体执行她的母职」（保禄六世，《信仰的宣认》15）。
975“We believe that the Holy Mother of God, the new Eve, Mother of the Church, continues in heaven to exercise her maternal role on behalf of the members of Christ” (Paul VI, CPG § 15).