第五节：圣徒相通
Paragraph 5. The Communion of Saints
946使徒信经在宣认「圣而公之教会」之后，加上「圣徒相通」。从某种意义上说，这一条是对前一条的进一步解释：「教会不就是众圣徒的集会吗？」Nicetas, Expl. Symb., 10:PL 52:871B.圣徒相通就是教会。
946After confessing “the holy catholic Church,” the Apostles’ Creed adds “the communion of saints.” In a certain sense this article is a further explanation of the preceding: “What is the Church if not the assembly of all the saints?”Nicetas, Expl. Symb., 10:PL 52:871B. The communion of saints is the Church.
947「因为所有信徒都形成一个身体，每个人的益处都与他人共通……因此我们必须相信在教会中存在着恩惠的共融。但最重要的肢体是基督，因为他是头……所以，基督的丰富通过圣事传递给所有肢体。」圣托马斯阿奎那，Symb., 10.「既然这教会是由同一位圣灵所治理，她所领受的一切恩惠必然成为共同的财富。」罗马教理 I, 10,24.
947“Since all the faithful form one body, the good of each is communicated to the others. . . . We must therefore believe that there exists a communion of goods in the Church. But the most important member is Christ, since he is the head. . . . Therefore, the riches of Christ are communicated to all the members, through the sacraments.”St. Thomas Aquinas, Symb., 10. “As this Church is governed by one and the same Spirit, all the goods she has received necessarily become a common fund.”Roman Catechism I, 10,24.
948因此「圣徒相通」一词有两个密切相关的含义：在圣物中的共融（sancta）和在圣徒之间的共融（sancti）。
948The term “communion of saints” therefore has two closely linked meanings: communion in holy things (sancta)” and “among holy persons (sancti).”
Sancta sanctis!（「圣物归于圣徒」）是东方礼仪中，主礼在举扬圣物并分发圣餐之前的宣告。信徒（sancti）因领受基督的圣体和宝血（sancta）而在圣灵的共融（koinonia）中成长，并将这共融传达给世界。
Sancta sanctis! (“God’s holy gifts for God’s holy people”) is proclaimed by the celebrant in most Eastern liturgies during the elevation of the holy Gifts before the distribution of communion. The faithful (sancti) are fed by Christ’s holy body and blood (sancta) to grow in the communion of the Holy Spirit (koinonia) and to communicate it to the world.
一、属灵恩惠的共融
I. Communion in Spiritual Goods
949在耶路撒冷的初期教会中，门徒们「都恒心遵守使徒的教训，彼此交接，擘饼，祈祷。」使徒行传 2:42
949In the primitive community of Jerusalem, the disciples “devoted themselves to the apostles’ teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of the bread and the prayers.”Acts 2:42.
信仰的共融。信徒的信仰就是教会的信仰，是从使徒们领受的。信仰是生命的宝藏，在分享中得以丰富。
Communion in the faith. The faith of the faithful is the faith of the Church, received from the apostles. Faith is a treasure of life which is enriched by being shared.
950圣事的共融。「所有圣事的果实都属于全体信徒。所有圣事都是神圣的纽带，既使信徒彼此联合，又使他们与耶稣基督结合，尤其是圣洗礼，它是我们进入教会的门户。圣徒相通必须被理解为圣事的共融……『共融』这个名称可以应用于所有圣事，因为它们使我们与神结合……但这名称最适合于圣餐礼，因为主要是圣餐礼实现了这种共融。」罗马教理 I, 10,24.
950Communion of the sacraments. “The fruit of all the sacraments belongs to all the faithful. All the sacraments are sacred links uniting the faithful with one another and binding them to Jesus Christ, and above all Baptism, the gate by which we enter into the Church. The communion of saints must be understood as the communion of the sacraments. . . . The name ‘communion’ can be applied to all of them, for they unite us to God. . . . But this name is better suited to the Eucharist than to any other, because it is primarily the Eucharist that brings this communion about.”Roman Catechism I, 10,24.
951灵恩的共融。在教会的共融中，圣灵「把特殊的恩典分给各等信徒」，为建立教会。LG 12 § 2.「圣灵显在各人身上，是叫人得益处。」哥林多前书 12:7
951Communion of charisms. Within the communion of the Church, the Holy Spirit “distributes special graces among the faithful of every rank” for the building up of the Church.LG 12 § 2. Now, “to each is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good.”1 Cor 12:7.
952「凡物公用」使徒行传 4:32「真正的基督徒所拥有的一切都应被视为与他人共同拥有的财物。所有基督徒都应当随时准备并热切地帮助有需要的人……和贫困的邻舍。」罗马教理 I, 10,27.基督徒是主的财物的管家。参见路加福音 16:1, 3
952“They had everything in common.”Acts 4:32. “Everything the true Christian has is to be regarded as a good possessed in common with everyone else. All Christians should be ready and eager to come to the help of the needy . . . and of their neighbors in want.”Roman Catechism I, 10,27. A Christian is a steward of the Lord’s goods.Cf. Lk 16:1, 3.
953爱的共融。在圣徒相通中，「我们没有一个人为自己活，也没有一个人为自己死。」罗马书 14:7「若一个肢体受苦，所有的肢体就一同受苦；若一个肢体得荣耀，所有的肢体就一同快乐。你们就是基督的身子，并且各自作肢体。」哥林多前书 12:26-27「爱是不求自己的益处。」哥林多前书 13:5；参见 10:24在这种建基于圣徒相通的、与所有人（无论生死）的团结中，我们以爱所做的最小的善行都会使所有人受益。每一个罪都会损害这种共融。
953Communion in charity. In the sanctorum communio, “None of us lives to himself, and none of us dies to himself.”Rom 14:7. “If one member suffers, all suffer together; if one member is honored, all rejoice together. Now you are the body of Christ and individually members of it.”1 Cor 12:26-27. “Charity does not insist on its own way.”1 Cor 13:5; cf. 10:24. In this solidarity with all men, living or dead, which is founded on the communion of saints, the least of our acts done in charity redounds to the profit of all. Every sin harms this communion.
二、天上和地上教会的共融
II. The Communion of the Church of Heaven and Earth
954教会的三种状态。「当主在荣耀中同他的众天使降临时，死亡将不复存在，万物都要归服他。但在现今，他的门徒中有些是在世上朝圣的，有些已经死去正在净化中，还有些已在荣耀中，『在圆满的光明中，如实地瞻仰三位一体的神』。」LG 49；参见玛窦福音 25:31；哥林多前书 15:26-27；佛罗伦萨大公会议（1439）：DS 1305
954The three states of the Church. “When the Lord comes in glory, and all his angels with him, death will be no more and all things will be subject to him. But at the present time some of his disciples are pilgrims on earth. Others have died and are being purified, while still others are in glory, contemplating ‘in full light, God himself triune and one, exactly as he is’”:LG 49; cf. Mt 25:31; 1 Cor 15:26-27; Council of Florence (1439):DS 1305.
然而，我们所有人都以不同程度和不同方式分享同一个对神和近人的爱，我们都同声向我们的神唱荣耀的赞歌。的确，所有属于基督并有他圣灵的人都形成一个教会，在基督里紧密相连。LG 49；参见以弗所书 4:16
All of us, however, in varying degrees and in different ways share in the same charity towards God and our neighbors, and we all sing the one hymn of glory to our God. All, indeed, who are of Christ and who have his Spirit form one Church and in Christ cleave together.LG 49; cf. Eph 4:16.
955「因此，在世旅途中的信徒与在基督的平安中安息的弟兄之间的结合绝不会中断，相反地，按照教会恒常的信仰，这种结合通过属灵恩惠的交流而得到加强。」LG 49
955“So it is that the union of the wayfarers with the brethren who sleep in the peace of Christ is in no way interrupted, but on the contrary, according to the constant faith of the Church, this union is reinforced by an exchange of spiritual goods.”LG 49.
956圣徒的代祷。「那些居住在天上的人与基督更紧密地结合，使整个教会在圣洁上更加坚固……他们不断地通过神与人之间的唯一中保基督耶稣，向天父为我们代祷，献上他们在世上获得的功德……因着他们的手足之情，我们的软弱得到极大的帮助。」LG 49；参见提摩太前书 2:5
956The intercession of the saints. “Being more closely united to Christ, those who dwell in heaven fix the whole Church more firmly in holiness. . . . They do not cease to intercede with the Father for us, as they proffer the merits which they acquired on earth through the one mediator between God and men, Christ Jesus . . . . So by their fraternal concern is our weakness greatly helped.”LG 49; cf. 1 Tim 2:5.
不要哭泣，因为我死后将对你们更有用，那时我将比在世时更有效地帮助你们。圣道明临终时对弟兄们的遗言。
Do not weep, for I shall be more useful to you after my death and I shall help you then more effectively than during my life.St. Dominic, dying, to his brothers.
不要哭泣，因为我死后对你们会更有益处，那时我会比活着时更有效地帮助你们。圣道明临终时对他的弟兄们说 { }
我要在天堂中继续在世上行善。利雪的圣德兰，《最后谈话》，约翰·克拉克译（华盛顿：ICS，1977），102
I want to spend my heaven in doing good on earth.St. Thérèse of Lisieux, The Final Conversations, tr. John Clarke (Washington: ICS, 1977), 102.
957与圣徒的共融。「我们珍惜天上圣徒的记忆，不仅仅是因为他们树立了榜样；我们更是寻求通过这种手足之爱的实践来加强整个教会在圣灵内的合一。正如我们与同路朝圣者的基督徒共融使我们更接近基督，我们与圣徒的共融也使我们与基督结合，因为一切恩宠和天主子民的生命本身都是从他这泉源和元首涌流出来的」LG 50；参见以弗所书 4:1-6：
957Communion with the saints. “It is not merely by the title of example that we cherish the memory of those in heaven; we seek, rather, that by this devotion to the exercise of fraternal charity the union of the whole Church in the Spirit may be strengthened. Exactly as Christian communion among our fellow pilgrims brings us closer to Christ, so our communion with the saints joins us to Christ, from whom as from its fountain and head issues all grace, and the life of the People of God itself”LG 50; cf. Eph 4:1-6.:
我们敬拜基督为神的儿子；我们爱殉道者，因为他们是主的门徒和效法者，这是理所当然的，因为他们对他们的君王和主人有无比的忠诚。愿我们也成为他们的同伴和同学！波利卡普殉道记，17：宗徒教父文集 II/3,396
We worship Christ as God’s Son; we love the martyrs as the Lord’s disciples and imitators, and rightly so because of their matchless devotion towards their king and master. May we also be their companions and fellow disciples!Martyrium Polycarpi, 17:Apostolic Fathers II/3,396.
958与亡者的共融。「在完全意识到与整个基督奥体的这种共融的情况下，教会中在世旅途的成员从基督宗教最早期就以极大的敬意纪念亡者；并且『因为为亡者祈祷使他们脱离罪过是圣善和有益的想法』，教会为他们奉献祈祷。」LG 50；参见玛加伯下 12:45我们为他们的祈祷不仅能帮助他们，也能使他们为我们的代祷更有效。
958Communion with the dead. “In full consciousness of this communion of the whole Mystical Body of Jesus Christ, the Church in its pilgrim members, from the very earliest days of the Christian religion, has honored with great respect the memory of the dead; and ‘because it is a holy and a wholesome thought to pray for the dead that they may be loosed from their sins’ she offers her suffrages for them.”LG 50; cf. 2 Macc 12:45. Our prayer for them is capable not only of helping them, but also of making their intercession for us effective.
959在神的一家中。「如果我们继续彼此相爱并同声赞美至圣三位一体——我们这些作神儿女并在基督里组成一家的人——我们就会忠于教会最深层的召叫。」LG 51；参见希伯来书 3:6
959In the one family of God. “For if we continue to love one another and to join in praising the Most Holy Trinity - all of us who are sons of God and form one family in Christ - we will be faithful to the deepest vocation of the Church.”LG 51; cf. Heb 3:6.
综述
In Brief
960教会是「圣徒相通」：这说法首先指「圣物」（sancta），尤其是圣餐，藉此「信徒合而为一，形成基督里的一个身体，这合一既被表达，也得以实现」（LG 3）。
960The Church is a “communion of saints”: this expression refers first to the “holy things” (sancta), above all the Eucharist, by which “the unity of believers, who form one body in Christ, is both represented and brought about” (LG 3).
961「圣徒相通」一词也指在基督里「圣者」（sancti）的共融，基督「为众人死」，因此每个人在基督里并为基督所做或所受的一切都结出惠及众人的果实。
961The term “communion of saints” refers also to the communion of “holy persons” (sancti) in Christ who “died for all,” so that what each one does or suffers in and for Christ bears fruit for all.
962「我们相信所有基督信徒的共融，包括在世上朝圣的人、正在净化中的亡者，和在天上的真福者，他们一起形成一个教会；我们相信在这共融中，神的慈爱和他的圣徒们始终垂听我们的祈祷」（保禄六世，CPG § 30）。
962“We believe in the communion of all the faithful of Christ, those who are pilgrims on earth, the dead who are being purified, and the blessed in heaven, all together forming one Church; and we believe that in this communion, the merciful love of God and his saints is always [attentive] to our prayers” (Paul VI, CPG § 30).