第二条：第二诫
Article 2: The Second Commandment
不可妄称耶和华你神的名。出20:7；申5:11。
「你们又听见有吩咐古人的话，说：不可背誓，所起的誓总要向主谨守。只是我告诉你们，什么誓都不可起。」太5:33-34。
You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.Ex 20:7; Deut 5:11.
“You have heard that it was said to the men of old, ‘You shall not swear falsely.’ . . . But I say to you, Do not swear at all.”Mt 5:33-34.
一、主的名是圣的
I. The Name of the Lord Is Holy
2142第二诫规定人应当尊敬主的名。它和第一诫一样，属于宗教之德，且更具体地说，它治理我们在神圣之事上的言语使用。
2142The second commandment prescribes respect for the Lord’s name. Like the first commandment, it belongs to the virtue of religion and more particularly it governs our use of speech in sacred matters.
2143在启示的一切言语中，有一句是独特的：神所启示的名。神把他的名托付给信他的人；他把他自己在其位格奥秘中启示给他们。名字的恩赐属于信赖与亲密的秩序。「耶和华的名是圣的。」因此，人不可滥用这名。他必须在静默而充满爱的朝拜中，把这名铭记在心。他不应在自己的言语里随意提起这名，除非是为称颂、赞美并光荣它。参亚2:13；诗29:2；96:2；113:1-2。
2143Among all the words of Revelation, there is one which is unique: the revealed name of God. God confides his name to those who believe in him; he reveals himself to them in his personal mystery. The gift of a name belongs to the order of trust and intimacy. “The Lord’s name is holy.” For this reason man must not abuse it. He must keep it in mind in silent, loving adoration. He will not introduce it into his own speech except to bless, praise, and glorify it.Cf. Zech 2:13; Ps 29:2; 96:2; 113:1-2.
2144对他名的尊敬，是对神自身奥秘、以及这名所唤起的一切神圣现实所当有之敬意的表达。对神圣之事的意识属于宗教之德的一部分：
2144Respect for his name is an expression of the respect owed to the mystery of God himself and to the whole sacred reality it evokes. The sense of the sacred is part of the virtue of religion:
这些惧怕与敬畏的感受是基督徒的感受吗？……因此我说，我想没有人能合理地反对：若我们真的是亲眼看见全能的神，我们就应当有这种感受——是的，而且应当极其强烈；因此，若我们意识到他临在，我们也会有这种感受。我们越相信他临在，就越会有这种感受；若没有这种感受，就是没有意识到，也就是不相信他临在。约翰·亨利·纽曼枢机，《教区与浅白讲章》 V,2（伦敦：朗文斯·格林公司，1907年），21-22。
Are these feelings of fear and awe Christian feelings or not? . . . I say this, then, which I think no one can reasonably dispute. They are the class of feelings we should have—yes, have to an intense degree—if we literally had the sight of Almighty God; therefore they are the class of feelings which we shall have, if we realize his presence. In proportion as we believe that he is present, we shall have them; and not to have them, is not to realize, not to believe that he is present.John Henry Cardinal Newman, Parochial and Plain Sermons V,2 (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1907) 21-22.
2145信徒应当借着宣认信仰来为主的名作见证，而不向惧怕让步。参太10:32；提前6:12。宣讲和教理讲授都应当充满对我们主耶稣基督之名的朝拜与尊敬。
2145The faithful should bear witness to the Lord’s name by confessing the faith without giving way to fear.Cf. Mt 10:32; 1 Tim 6:12. Preaching and catechizing should be permeated with adoration and respect for the name of our Lord Jesus Christ.
2146第二诫禁止滥用神的名，也就是对神、耶稣基督之名，以及对童贞马利亚和众圣之名的一切不当使用。
2146The second commandment forbids the abuse of God’s name, i.e., every improper use of the names of God, Jesus Christ, but also of the Virgin Mary and all the saints.
2147奉神的名对他人所作的许诺，会牵涉到神的尊荣、信实、真实与权威。按公义，这些许诺必须被尊重。对这些许诺不忠，就是滥用神的名，并在某种意义上把神说成是说谎的。参约壹1:10。
2147Promises made to others in God’s name engage the divine honor, fidelity, truthfulness, and authority. They must be respected in justice. To be unfaithful to them is to misuse God’s name and in some way to make God out to be a liar.Cf. 1 Jn 1:10.
2148亵渎直接违背第二诫。它包括：在内心或外在用憎恨、责难或挑衅的话攻击神；说神的坏话；在言语上缺少对神的尊敬；滥用神的名。圣雅各谴责那些「亵渎你们所敬奉的尊名」的人。雅2:7。禁止亵渎也延伸到攻击基督的教会、圣徒以及神圣之物的言语。用神的名来掩盖犯罪行为、使民族沦为奴役、拷打人或把人处死，也是亵渎。用神的名去犯罪，会引发他人弃绝宗教。
2148Blasphemy is directly opposed to the second commandment. It consists in uttering against God—inwardly or outwardly—words of hatred, reproach, or defiance; in speaking ill of God; in failing in respect toward him in one’s speech; in misusing God’s name. St. James condemns those “who blaspheme that honorable name [of Jesus] by which you are called.”Jas 2:7. The prohibition of blasphemy extends to language against Christ’s Church, the saints, and sacred things. It is also blasphemous to make use of God’s name to cover up criminal practices, to reduce peoples to servitude, to torture persons or put them to death. The misuse of God’s name to commit a crime can provoke others to repudiate religion.
亵渎违背对神及其圣名所当有的尊敬。亵渎本身就是严重的罪。参CIC，第1369条。
Blasphemy is contrary to the respect due God and his holy name. It is in itself a grave sin.Cf. CIC, can. 1369.
2149滥用神名的誓言，即便没有亵渎的意图，也显示出对主缺少尊敬。第二诫也禁止以神的名作巫术用途。
2149Oaths which misuse God’s name, though without the intention of blasphemy, show lack of respect for the Lord. The second commandment also forbids magical use of the divine name.
人带着对他威严的尊敬说出神的名时，神的名就是尊大的；人怀着敬奉并惧怕冒犯他的心说出神的名时，神的名就是圣的。圣奥古斯丁，De serm. Dom. in monte 2,5,19：PL 34,1278。
[God’s] name is great when spoken with respect for the greatness of his majesty. God’s name is holy when said with veneration and fear of offending him.St. Augustine, De serm. Dom. in monte 2,5,19: PL 34,1278.
二、妄称主的名
II. Taking the Name of the Lord in Vain
2150第二诫禁止虚假的誓言。起誓或发誓，就是以神作为自己所断言之事的见证，就是求神的真实作为自己真实的担保。誓言牵涉到主的名：「你要敬畏耶和华你的神，事奉他，指着他的名起誓。」申6:13。
2150The second commandment forbids false oaths. Taking an oath or swearing is to take God as witness to what one affirms. It is to invoke the divine truthfulness as a pledge of one’s own truthfulness. An oath engages the Lord’s name. “You shall fear the LORD your God; you shall serve him, and swear by his name.”Deut 6:13.
2151拒绝虚假的誓言，是人对神的义务。神是造物主与主，因此是一切真理的尺度。人的言语要么与那真理本身的神相符，要么与他相违。当誓言真实且合法时，誓言凸显人的言语与神的真理之间的关系。虚假的誓言则是求神为谎言作见证。
2151Rejection of false oaths is a duty toward God. As Creator and Lord, God is the norm of all truth. Human speech is either in accord with or in opposition to God who is Truth itself. When it is truthful and legitimate, an oath highlights the relationship of human speech with God’s truth. A false oath calls on God to be witness to a lie.
2152人若在誓言下许诺，却本无意履行；或在誓言下许诺之后不履行，就是犯伪誓。伪誓是对一切言语之主的严重不敬。人若以誓言担保自己要做一件恶事，就违背神名的圣洁。
2152A person commits perjury when he makes a promise under oath with no intention of keeping it, or when after promising on oath he does not keep it. Perjury is a grave lack of respect for the Lord of all speech. Pledging oneself by oath to commit an evil deed is contrary to the holiness of the divine name.
2153在登山宝训中，耶稣解释了第二诫：「你们又听见有吩咐古人的话，说：不可背誓……只是我告诉你们，什么誓都不可起。」并且：「你们的话，是，就说是；不是，就说不是；若再多说，就是出于那恶者。」太5:33-34,37；参雅5:12。耶稣教导：每个誓言都牵涉到神；因此，一切言语都必须尊崇神的临在与他的真理。人若要谨慎地呼求神，就必须对他的临在有一种敬畏的意识；我们一切断言不是为此作见证，就是在嘲弄此事。
2153In the Sermon on the Mount, Jesus explained the second commandment: “You have heard that it was said to the men of old, ‘You shall not swear falsely . . .’ But I say to you, Do not swear at all.” “Let what you say be simply ‘Yes’ or ‘No’; anything more than this comes from evil.”Mt 5:33-34, 37; cf. Jas 5:12. Jesus teaches that every oath involves a reference to God and that God’s presence and his truth must be honored in all speech. Discretion in calling upon God is allied with a respectful awareness of his presence, which all our assertions either witness to or mock.
2154教会传统跟随圣保罗，参林后1:23；加1:20。理解耶稣的话并不排除在重大且正当理由下所起的誓（例如在法庭上）。「誓言，即以神的名作真理的见证，除非按真实、按判断、按公义，否则不可起誓。」CIC，第1199条1项。
2154Following St. Paul,Cf. 2 Cor 1:23; Gal 1:20. the tradition of the Church has understood Jesus’ words as not excluding oaths made for grave and right reasons (for example in court). “An oath, that is the invocation of the divine name as witness to truth, cannot be taken unless in truth, in judgment, and in justice.”CIC, can. 1199 § 1.
2155神名的圣洁要求我们既不可为琐碎的事使用它，也不可在某些处境下起誓，以致誓言会被理解为赞同某个不公义地要求人起誓的权威。当誓言是由不合法的民事权威所要求时，人可以拒绝。当誓言被要求用于违背人的尊严或违背教会共融的目的时，就必须拒绝。
2155The holiness of the divine name demands that we neither use it for trivial matters, nor take an oath which on the basis of the circumstances could be interpreted as approval of an authority unjustly requiring it. When an oath is required by illegitimate civil authorities, it may be refused. It must be refused when it is required for purposes contrary to the dignity of persons or to ecclesial communion.
三、基督徒的名字
III. The Christian Name
2156洗礼圣事是「奉父、子、圣灵的名」施行的。太28:19。在洗礼中，主的名使人成圣，基督徒在教会里领受自己的名字。这名字可以是一位圣徒的名字，也就是一位门徒的名字；这门徒以对主的典范忠信度过一生。主保圣徒为仁爱提供榜样；我们也确信他为我们代祷。「洗名」也可以表达一个基督徒奥秘或一种基督徒德行。「父母、代父母与牧者应当留意，不可取与基督徒情怀不相符的名字。」CIC，第855条。
2156The sacrament of Baptism is conferred “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit.”Mt 28:19. In Baptism, the Lord’s name sanctifies man, and the Christian receives his name in the Church. This can be the name of a saint, that is, of a disciple who has lived a life of exemplary fidelity to the Lord. The patron saint provides a model of charity; we are assured of his intercession. The “baptismal name” can also express a Christian mystery or Christian virtue. “Parents, sponsors, and the pastor are to see that a name is not given which is foreign to Christian sentiment.”CIC, can. 855.
2157基督徒以十字圣号开始自己的一天、自己的祈祷和自己的工作：「奉父、子、圣灵之名。阿们。」领受洗礼的人把这一天奉献给神的光荣，并呼求救主的恩典；这恩典使他在圣灵里像父的儿女那样行动。十字圣号在诱惑与困难中坚固我们。
2157The Christian begins his day, his prayers, and his activities with the Sign of the Cross: “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Amen.” The baptized person dedicates the day to the glory of God and calls on the Savior’s grace which lets him act in the Spirit as a child of the Father. The sign of the cross strengthens us in temptations and difficulties.
2158神按名字呼召每一个人。参赛43:1；约10:3。每个人的名字都是神圣的。名字是位格的圣像。作为承载这名字之人的尊严标记，名字要求人尊重。
2158God calls each one by name.Cf. Isa 43:1; Jn 10:3. Everyone’s name is sacred. The name is the icon of the person. It demands respect as a sign of the dignity of the one who bears it.
2159人所领受的名字是为永恒而有的名字。在天国里，每个被神的名所标记之人的奥秘与独特性，将在光荣中闪耀：「得胜的，我必将那隐藏的吗哪赐给他，并赐他一块白石，石上写着新名；除了那领受的以外，没有人能认识。」启2:17。「我又观看，见羔羊站在锡安山，同他又有十四万四千人，都有他的名和他父的名写在额上。」启14:1。
2159The name one receives is a name for eternity. In the kingdom, the mysterious and unique character of each person marked with God’s name will shine forth in splendor. “To him who conquers . . . I will give a white stone, with a new name written on the stone which no one knows except him who receives it.”Rev 2:17. “Then I looked, and lo, on Mount Zion stood the Lamb, and with him a hundred and forty-four thousand who had his name and his Father’s name written on their foreheads.”Rev 14:1.