第五条：情绪的道德性
Article 5: The Morality of the Passions
1762人借着自己有意识的行为被导向福乐：他所体验到的情绪或感受，能使他更倾向于这福乐，并为此作出贡献。
1762The human person is ordered to beatitude by his deliberate acts: the passions or feelings he experiences can dispose him to it and contribute to it.
一、情绪
I. Passions
1763「情绪」这个词属于基督信仰的传承。感受或情绪，是感性欲求的情感或动向，使我们在面对某个被感知或被想象为善或恶的事物时，倾向于行动或不行动。
1763The term “passions” belongs to the Christian patrimony. Feelings or passions are emotions or movements of the sensitive appetite that incline us to act or not to act in regard to something felt or imagined to be good or evil.
1764情绪是人心理的自然组成部分；它们构成通道，并确保感觉生活与心智生活之间的连接。我们的主称人的心为情绪涌出的源头。参 可 7:21。
1764The passions are natural components of the human psyche; they form the passageway and ensure the connection between the life of the senses and the life of the mind. Our Lord called man’s heart the source from which the passions spring.Cf. Mk 7:21.
1765情绪有很多种。最根本的情绪是爱，它因善的吸引而被激起。爱使人渴望那尚未拥有的善，并盼望得到它；这种动向在拥有善时的愉悦与喜乐中完成。对恶的察觉会产生恨、厌恶和对迫近之恶的恐惧；这种动向会以对当前某种恶的忧伤而告终，或以抵抗它的愤怒而告终。
1765There are many passions. The most fundamental passion is love, aroused by the attraction of the good. Love causes a desire for the absent good and the hope of obtaining it; this movement finds completion in the pleasure and joy of the good possessed. The apprehension of evil causes hatred, aversion, and fear of the impending evil; this movement ends in sadness at some present evil, or in the anger that resists it.
1766「爱就是愿意另一个人的好。」圣托马斯·阿奎那，STh I-II, 26, 4, corp. art.其他一切情感都源于人心向善的这一最初动向。只有善才可以被爱。参 圣奥古斯丁，De Trin. 8, 3, 4：PL 42,949-950。情绪「若爱是恶的，就会是恶的；若爱是善的，就会是善的」。圣奥古斯丁，De civ. Dei 14, 7, 2：PL 41,410。
1766“To love is to will the good of another.”St. Thomas Aquinas, STh I-II, 26, 4, corp. art. All other affections have their source in this first movement of the human heart toward the good. Only the good can be loved.Cf. St. Augustine, De Trin. 8, 3, 4:PL 42,949-950. Passions “are evil if love is evil and good if it is good.”St. Augustine, De civ. Dei 14, 7, 2:PL 41,410.
二、情绪与道德生活
II. Passions and Moral Life
1767情绪本身既不是善也不是恶。它们只有在实际上牵涉理性与意志的程度上，才具有道德性质。情绪之所以被称为出于自愿，「要么因为它们是意志所命令的，要么因为意志没有在它们前面设置障碍」。圣托马斯·阿奎那，STh I-II, 24, 1, corp. art.情绪受理性治理，属于道德善或人性之善的圆满。参 圣托马斯·阿奎那，STh I-II, 24, 3。
1767In themselves passions are neither good nor evil. They are morally qualified only to the extent that they effectively engage reason and will. Passions are said to be voluntary “either because they are commanded by the will or because the will does not place obstacles in their way.”St. Thomas Aquinas, STh I-II, 24, 1, corp. art. It belongs to the perfection of the moral or human good that the passions be governed by reason.Cf. St. Thomas Aquinas, STh I-II, 24, 3.
1768强烈的感受并不能决定一个人的道德或圣德；它们只是一个取之不尽的图像与情感的宝库，道德生活就在其中表达出来。情绪在促成善行时，在道德上就是善的；反之则是恶的。正直的意志会把它所吸纳的感官动向安排向善与福乐；邪恶的意志则屈服于失序的情绪，并使之加剧。情感与感受可以被纳入德行，也可以被恶习扭曲。
1768Strong feelings are not decisive for the morality or the holiness of persons; they are simply the inexhaustible reservoir of images and affections in which the moral life is expressed. Passions are morally good when they contribute to a good action, evil in the opposite case. The upright will orders the movements of the senses it appropriates to the good and to beatitude; an evil will succumbs to disordered passions and exacerbates them. Emotions and feelings can be taken up into the virtues or perverted by the vices.
1769在基督徒生活中，圣灵亲自调动全人的存在来完成他的工作，包括其中的一切忧愁、恐惧与悲伤；这在主的痛苦挣扎与受难中清楚可见。在基督里，人的感受能在仁爱与神的福乐中达到圆满。
1769In the Christian life, the Holy Spirit himself accomplishes his work by mobilizing the whole being, with all its sorrows, fears and sadness, as is visible in the Lord’s agony and Passion. In Christ human feelings are able to reach their consummation in charity and divine beatitude.
1770道德的圆满在于：人被推动去行善，不仅是靠意志，也靠感性欲求，正如诗篇所说：「我的心肠、我的肉体向永生神呼吁。」诗 84:2。
1770Moral perfection consists in man’s being moved to the good not by his will alone, but also by his sensitive appetite, as in the words of the psalm: “My heart and flesh sing for joy to the living God.”Ps 84:2.
综述
In Brief
1771「情绪」一词指的是情感或感受。人藉着情绪直觉到善，也对恶有所警觉。
1771The term “passions” refers to the affections or the feelings. By his emotions man intuits the good and suspects evil.
1772主要的情绪是爱与恨、渴望与恐惧、喜乐、忧伤与愤怒。
1772The principal passions are love and hatred, desire and fear, joy, sadness, and anger.
1773情绪作为感性欲求的动向，本身并没有道德上的善或恶；但在它们牵涉理性与意志的程度上，它们里面就有道德上的善或恶。
1773In the passions, as movements of the sensitive appetite, there is neither moral good nor evil. But insofar as they engage reason and will, there is moral good or evil in them.
1774情感与感受可以被纳入德行，也可以被恶习扭曲。
1774Emotions and feelings can be taken up in the virtues or perverted by the vices.
1775道德之善的圆满在于：人被推动去行善，不只是靠意志，也靠他的「心」。
1775The perfection of the moral good consists in man’s being moved to the good not only by his will but also by his “heart.”