四、每日省察良心的方法

IV. METHOD FOR THE DAILY EXAMINATION OF CONSCIENCE

甲、总体省察良心

A. The General Examination of Conscience

这个方法有五个步骤。通常每天做一次，在晚上。

There are five steps in this method. Ordinarily it is made once a day, in the evening.

第一点。 我要感谢我们的主神赐予的恩典，包括属灵和属世的，特别是自从上次省察良心以来所领受的恩典。

First point. I will thank God our Lord for the graces, both spiritual and temporal, that I have received, particularly for those received since my last examination of conscience.

第二点。 我要祈求恩典，使我认识自己的罪，并努力摆脱它们。

Second point. I will ask for the grace to know my sins and to struggle to rid myself of them.

第三点。 我要逐小时或逐时段回顾我的行为，从早上醒来的那一刻直到做这次省察的时候。我要首先省察我的思想，然后是言语，再后是行为，或者我会使用其他更适合我的方式。

Third point. I will review my conduct, hour by hour, or period by period, from the moment I woke up in the morning until the time of making this examination. I shall examine first of all my thoughts, then my words, then my actions, or I will use some other formula that may be better suited to me.

第四点。 我要诚恳地向我们的主神为我所犯的过错祈求宽恕。

Fourth point. I will sincerely ask pardon from God our Lord for the faults I have committed.

第五点。 我要立志靠着神的恩典改正我的生活。为了做出这个改正，我要试图预见从这次省察到下次省察期间可能遇到的困难，并且我要祈求我们的主神在我面对这些困难时光照我，帮助我。

Fifth point. I will make the resolution to amend my life with God’s grace. In order to make this amendment I will try to foresee the difficulties that lie ahead from the time of this examination to the next, and I will ask God our Lord to enlighten me and come to my help when I face them.

我要像结束默想一样结束我的省察，也就是以主祷文结束。

I will end my examen the same way I end my meditations, that is, with an Our Father.

重要提示： 这种省察良心大约需要十五分钟，但五个步骤比省察本身的时长更重要。把整个十五分钟都用来感谢神可能是一个好的祷告，但这不是省察。如果我只花几分钟在省察的最后几个步骤上，我的省察可能会匆忙和肤浅，但它仍然是一个省察。

Important note: this type of examination of conscience takes about fifteen minutes, but the five steps are more important than the duration of the examen itself. To devote the whole fifteen minutes to thanking God might be a good prayer, but it would …not be an examen. If I spend but a few minutes on the final steps of the examen, my examen might be hasty and superficial, but it would still be an examen.

乙、特别每日省察：这个操练涉及三个不同的时间和两次省察

B. The Particular Daily Examen: Three Different Times and Two Examens Involved in This Practice

第一个时间。 在早上，刚起床后，我应该立志在整天保持警醒，防备我要克服或改正的特定罪或过错。

First time. In the morning, immediately after getting up, I ought to resolve to be on the alert during the whole day to guard against the particular sin or fault that I seek to overcome or remedy.

第二个时间。 在午饭前或后，我要向主祈求我所想要的，即恩典，使我意识到我每次陷入那个特定的罪或缺点的时候，并获得恩典来改正它，作出补偿。

Second time. Either before or after lunch, I will ask the Lord for what I want, namely, the grace to be aware of all the times I have fallen into that particular sin or defect and the grace to correct it and to make amends.

然后我要做第一次特别省察。在这里我要省察自己关于我已决定要摆脱的特定罪或过错。我要通过回顾从起床到现在省察的每一个小时或填满我日程的各种事项来做这件事。

Then I will make my first particular examen. Here I examine myself with regard to the particular sin or fault I have resolved to get rid of. I shall do this by passing in review each hour or the various projects that have filled my schedule since the time of my rising until the moment of my present examination of conscience.

如果有帮助的话，我会在某种笔记本上记录我失败的次数。这种做法可能使我能够保持每日或每周对我努力结果的记录。

If it is helpful, I will register in some kind of notebook the number of my failures. This practice might enable me to keep a daily or weekly record of the results of my endeavors.

最后，我要更新我的决心，在一天的下半部分继续与这个罪或特定过错作斗争。

Finally, I will renew my resolution to struggle against this sin or particular fault during the second half of the day.

第三个时间。 在晚饭后或就寝前，我要用与第一次相同的方式做第二次省察。和之前一样，我要回顾已经过去的每一个小时，但现在是从下午的省察到现在这段时间。

Third time. Either after dinner or just before going to bed, I will make the second examen in the same way I made my first. As before, I shall go over each hour that has passed, but now it will concern the time from my afternoon examen until the present time.

重要提示：

Important notes:

（1）特别每日省察的目的不必局限于改正缺点。它也可以用来帮助获得某种特定的美德并付诸实践。
（2）在退省期间，一个人可以用特别省察来消除在遵循操练指导方面的过错和疏忽。

(1) The purpose of the particular daily examen need not be restricted to correcting defects. It can also be used to help acquire some particular virtue and to put it into practice.
(2) During the retreat a person can use the particular examen to remove the faults and negligences with regard to his fidelity in following the directives pertaining to the Exercises.

在操练第一周期间或之后做总告解好吗？

Is It Good to Make a General Confession during or after the First Week of the Exercises?

这件事没有义务。每个人都应该感到自由。做退省是一回事，告解是另一回事。

There is no obligation in this matter. Each one should feel free. Making a retreat is one thing; going to confession is another.

然而，自发决定做总告解的人会发现这样做有许多好处，其中包括以下三点：

However, the person who spontaneously decides to make a general confession will find many advantages in doing so, among which are these three:

（1）做总告解比做普通告解有更多的益处和功德，因为人对自己的罪和整个生命中所有的恶感到更大的忧伤。

(1) There is more profit and merit attached to making a general confession than in making an ordinary confession because of the greater sorrow one feels for his sins and for all the evil in his whole life.

（2）在做神操的时候，一个人对自己的罪和它们的邪恶有比其他任何时候都更多的个人洞察。而且，由于这种认识和忧伤，他会从他的告解中得到比其他时候更大的属灵益处和功德。

(2) During the time when one is making the Spiritual Exercises, he has far more personal insight into his sins and their perversity than at any other time. Moreover, as a result of this awareness and sorrow, he will draw from his confession greater spiritual profit and merit than he would draw at another time.

（3）由于他做了更好的告解并有更好的准备，他将更好地准备领受圣餐。圣餐不仅帮助人避免犯罪，还不断增加我们里面的恩典。

(3) As a result of his making a better confession and being better disposed, he will be more prepared to receive the Holy Eucharist. Communion not only helps one avoid sin but also constantly increases grace in us.

如果这个人选择做总告解，最好是在完成第一周的操练之后立即进行。见第22页「说明」中的第10点。