第二条：我们被召进入福乐
Article 2: Our Vocation to Beatitude
一、八福
I. The Beatitudes
1716八福位于耶稣宣讲的核心。它们承接自亚伯拉罕以来对选民所作的应许。八福成全这些应许，因为它不再只是把应许指向对一片领土的占有，而是指向天国：
1716The Beatitudes are at the heart of Jesus’ preaching. They take up the promises made to the chosen people since Abraham. The Beatitudes fulfill the promises by ordering them no longer merely to the possession of a territory, but to the Kingdom of heaven:
虚心的人有福了！因为天国是他们的。
哀恸的人有福了！因为他们必得安慰。
温柔的人有福了！因为他们必承受地土。
饥渴慕义的人有福了！因为他们必得饱足。
怜恤人的人有福了！因为他们必蒙怜恤。
清心的人有福了！因为他们必得见神。
使人和睦的人有福了！因为他们必称为神的儿子。
为义受逼迫的人有福了！因为天国是他们的。
人若因我辱骂你们，逼迫你们，捏造各样坏话毁谤你们，你们就有福了！
应当欢喜快乐，因为你们在天上的赏赐是大的。在你们以前的先知，人也是这样逼迫他们。太 5:3-12。
Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are those who mourn, for they shall be comforted.
Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth.
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst for righteousness, for they shall be satisfied.
Blessed are the merciful, for they shall obtain mercy.
Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.
Blessed are those who are persecuted for righteousness’ sake, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.
Blessed are you when men revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account.
Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven.Mt 5:3-12.
1717八福描绘了耶稣基督的面容，也描写了他的仁爱。它们表达了信徒的圣召，这圣召与他苦难和复活的荣耀相连；它们照亮基督徒生活所特有的行动与态度；它们是看似矛盾的应许，在患难之中扶持盼望；它们宣告基督门徒已经获得的祝福与赏赐，虽然目前仍然只是朦胧可见；它们已经在至圣童贞马利亚和诸圣的生活中开始实现。
1717The Beatitudes depict the countenance of Jesus Christ and portray his charity. They express the vocation of the faithful associated with the glory of his Passion and Resurrection; they shed light on the actions and attitudes characteristic of the Christian life; they are the paradoxical promises that sustain hope in the midst of tribulations; they proclaim the blessings and rewards already secured, however dimly, for Christ’s disciples; they have begun in the lives of the Virgin Mary and all the saints.
二、对幸福的渴望
II. The Desire for Happiness
1718八福回应了人对幸福的自然渴望。这种渴望源于神：神将它放在人心深处，为了吸引人归向那位唯一能满足这渴望的主：
1718The Beatitudes respond to the natural desire for happiness. This desire is of divine origin: God has placed it in the human heart in order to draw man to the One who alone can fulfill it:
我们都想生活得幸福；在整个人类中，甚至在这命题被完全表达出来之前，就没有人不赞同它。圣奥古斯丁，《论教会的道德》，1, 3, 4：PL 32,1312。
主啊，那么我是怎样寻求你呢？既然在寻求你——我的神——时，我是在寻求幸福的生活，那就让我寻求你，好使我的灵魂得以存活，因为我的身体靠灵魂而活，而我的灵魂靠你而活。圣奥古斯丁，《忏悔录》10, 20：PL 32,791。
唯有神能满足人。圣托马斯·阿奎那，《信经讲解》I。
We all want to live happily; in the whole human race there is no one who does not assent to this proposition, even before it is fully articulated.St. Augustine, De moribus ecclesiae, 1, 3, 4:PL 32,1312.
How is it, then, that I seek you, Lord? Since in seeking you, my God, I seek a happy life, let me seek you so that my soul may live, for my body draws life from my soul and my soul draws life from you.St. Augustine, Conf. 10, 20:PL 32,791.
God alone satisfies.St. Thomas Aquinas, Expos. in symb. apost. I.
1719八福揭示了人类存在的目的，即人类行为的终极归宿：神呼召我们进入他自己的福乐。这呼召是个别地针对每个人的，也是针对作为整体的教会的，即由那些接受了应许并凭信心靠此生活的人所组成的新子民。
1719The Beatitudes reveal the goal of human existence, the ultimate end of human acts: God calls us to his own beatitude. This vocation is addressed to each individual personally, but also to the Church as a whole, the new people made up of those who have accepted the promise and live from it in faith.
三、基督徒的福乐
III. Christian Beatitude
1720新约使用了几种表达方式来描述神呼召人进入的福乐：
1720The New Testament uses several expressions to characterize the beatitude to which God calls man:
- 神国的来临；参 太 4:17。
- 得见神：「清心的人有福了！因为他们必得见神」；太 5:8；参 约一 2；林前 13:12。
- 进入主的快乐；太 25:21-23。
- 进入神的安息：参 来 4:7-11。
- the coming of the Kingdom of God;Cf. Mt 4:17.
- the vision of God: “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God”;Mt 5:8; cf. 1 Jn 2; 1 Cor 13:12.
- entering into the joy of the Lord;Mt 25:21-23.
- entering into God’s rest:Cf. Heb 4:7-11.
在那里我们将安息并观看，我们将观看并爱慕，我们将爱慕并赞美。看哪，这就是那没有终结的终局。因为若不是为了抵达那无穷尽的国度，我们还有什么其他的终局呢？圣奥古斯丁，《神之城》22, 30, 5：PL 41,804。
There we shall rest and see, we shall see and love, we shall love and praise. Behold what will be at the end without end. For what other end do we have, if not to reach the kingdom which has no end?St. Augustine, De civ. Dei 22, 30, 5:PL 41,804.
1721神把我们放在世上，是为了让我们认识他、爱他、事奉他，并以此进入天堂。福乐使我们「得与神的性情有分」并得享永生。彼后 1:4；参 约 17:3。藉着福乐，人进入基督的荣耀参 罗 8:18。和三位一体生命的喜乐中。
1721God put us in the world to know, to love, and to serve him, and so to come to paradise. Beatitude makes us “partakers of the divine nature” and of eternal life.2 Pet 1:4; cf. Jn 17:3. With beatitude, man enters into the glory of ChristCf. Rom 8:18. and into the joy of the Trinitarian life.
1722这种福乐超越了人的理解和能力。它源于神完全白白的恩赐；因此它被称为超自然的，正如那预备人进入神的喜乐的恩典一样。
1722Such beatitude surpasses the understanding and powers of man. It comes from an entirely free gift of God; whence it is called supernatural, as is the grace that disposes man to enter into the divine joy.
「清心的人有福了！因为他们必得见神。」这是真的，因为神的伟大和无法形容的荣耀，「人见我的面不能存活」，因为父是无法被参透的。但因着神对我们的爱和良善，也因为他凡事都能，他甚至赐给那些爱他的人得见他的特权……因为「在人所不能的事，在神却能。」圣爱任纽，《反异端论》4, 20, 5：PG 7/1,1034-1035。
“Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.” It is true, because of the greatness and inexpressible glory of God, that “man shall not see me and live,” for the Father cannot be grasped. But because of God’s love and goodness toward us, and because he can do all things, he goes so far as to grant those who love him the privilege of seeing him. . . . For “what is impossible for men is possible for God.”St. Irenaeus, Adv. haeres. 4, 20, 5:PG 7/1,1034-1035.
1723我们被应许的福乐使我们面临决定性的道德抉择。它邀请我们洁净心中的邪恶本能，并寻求爱神胜过一切。它教导我们，真正的幸福不在于财富或安逸，不在于人的名声或权力，也不在于任何人类的成就——无论其多么有益，如科学、技术和艺术——甚至不在于任何受造物，而单单在于神，他是万善与万爱的源头：
1723The beatitude we are promised confronts us with decisive moral choices. It invites us to purify our hearts of bad instincts and to seek the love of God above all else. It teaches us that true happiness is not found in riches or well-being, in human fame or power, or in any human achievement — however beneficial it may be — such as science, technology, and art, or indeed in any creature, but in God alone, the source of every good and of all love:
人人都向财富鞠躬。财富是大众本能地顶礼膜拜的对象。他们用财富衡量幸福；也用财富衡量体面……这种膜拜源于一种深切的信念……即有了财富，人就能做万事。财富是当今的一个偶像，声名是第二个……声名，或者说在世上制造喧嚣——可以称之为「报纸上的名气」——已被视为本身就是一种巨大的善，也是受人尊崇的理由。约翰·亨利·纽曼枢机，「圣洁是基督徒原则的标准」，载于《对混合会众的讲道》（伦敦：Longmans, Green and Co., 1906）V, 89-90。
All bow down before wealth. Wealth is that to which the multitude of men pay an instinctive homage. They measure happiness by wealth; and by wealth they measure respectability. . . . It is a homage resulting from a profound faith . . . that with wealth he may do all things. Wealth is one idol of the day and notoriety is a second. . . . Notoriety, or the making of a noise in the world — it may be called “newspaper fame” — has come to be considered a great good in itself, and a ground of veneration.John Henry Cardinal Newman, “Saintliness the Standard of Christian Principle,” in Discourses to Mixed Congregations (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1906) V, 89-90.
1724十诫、登山宝训和使徒的教理讲授为我们描述了通往天国的道路。我们在圣灵恩典的扶持下，通过日常的行为，一步步地走在这条路上。藉着基督的道的工作，我们在教会里慢慢结出果子，归荣耀给神。参 太 13:3-23。
1724The Decalogue, the Sermon on the Mount, and the apostolic catechesis describe for us the paths that lead to the Kingdom of heaven. Sustained by the grace of the Holy Spirit, we tread them, step by step, by everyday acts. By the working of the Word of Christ, we slowly bear fruit in the Church to the glory of God.Cf. Mt 13:3-23.
综述
In Brief
1725八福承接并成全了神自亚伯拉罕以来的应许，将这些应许导向天国。它们回应了神放在人心深处对幸福的渴望。
1725The Beatitudes take up and fulfill God’s promises from Abraham on by ordering them to the Kingdom of heaven. They respond to the desire for happiness that God has placed in the human heart.
1726八福教导我们神呼召我们要达到的终极归宿：天国、得见神、有分于神的性情、永生、儿子的名分、在神里面的安息。
1726The Beatitudes teach us the final end to which God calls us: the Kingdom, the vision of God, participation in the divine nature, eternal life, filiation, rest in God.
1727永生的福乐是神白白的恩赐。它是超自然的，正如那引导我们进入其中的恩典一样。
1727The beatitude of eternal life is a gratuitous gift of God. It is supernatural, as is the grace that leads us there.
1728八福使我们面临关于世物的决定性抉择；它们洁净我们的心，教导我们爱神胜过一切。
1728The Beatitudes confront us with decisive choices concerning earthly goods; they purify our hearts in order to teach us to love God above all things.
1729天上的福乐确立了标准，使我们能按照神的律法，分辨如何使用世物。
1729The beatitude of heaven sets the standards for discernment in the use of earthly goods in keeping with the law of God.