第三十六章 / 司牧与传扬信仰
Chapter 36 / Stewardship and Handing on the Faith
「你们要称谢耶和华,求告他的名,在万民中传扬他的作为!要向他唱诗歌颂,谈论他一切奇妙的作为!」
—— 诗篇 105:1-2
O give thanks to the LORD, call on his name, make known his deeds among the peoples! Sing to him, sing praises to him, tell of all his wonderful works!
— Psalms 105:1–2
圣经阅读
Scripture Reading
请在到课前或等候上课时,翻阅圣经或在线查找并阅读这段简短经文,为本周内容做准备。
Either before you arrive or as you wait for class to begin, find this short passage from Sacred Scripture in your Bible or through an online search. Reading it will prepare you for this week’s material.
— 马太福音 28:16-20
— Matthew 28:16–20
开始祷告
Opening Prayer
父神啊,你命令我们向列邦宣讲救恩的佳音;求赐我们力量,使我们能勇敢向所遇之人宣扬耶稣的名。靠我们的主基督所求。阿们。
O God, our Father, you have commanded us to tell the good news of salvation to the nations. Give us your strength that we might boldly proclaim the name of Jesus to those we meet. Through Christ our Lord. Amen.
第三十六课 视频课程:司牧与传扬信仰
Session 36 Video Lesson: Stewardship and Handing on the Faith
观看视频课程时,请参考以下要点,可在空白处作笔记。
As you watch the video lesson, refer to these key highlights. Feel free to use the space provided to take notes.
复活的主升天前,将「使万民作门徒」的教会使命托付给使徒。
然而近几十年来,基督徒更新了理解:所有门徒而非仅传教士都受基督呼召去传福音。
对在世俗中履行基督徒圣召的平信徒来说,宣教门徒的生活始于家庭。
父母在家里负有特别的福传责任。
家庭被称为「家庭教会」的原因之一(教宗保禄六世,《Lumen Gentium》11),在于家庭是代代相传信仰的首要共同体。
基督徒也必须在工作场所、社区以及通过堂区进行福传。
Just before the Risen Lord ascended to heaven, he entrusted the apostles with the Church’s missionary mandate to make disciples of all nations.
In recent decades, however, Christians have renewed their understanding that all disciples, not just missionaries, are called by Christ to evangelize.
For lay men and women who live out their Christian vocation in the world, the life of a missionary disciple begins at home.
Parents have a particular duty in the home to evangelize.
One of the reasons why the family is called the “domestic church” (Pope Paul VI, Lumen Gentium, no. 11) is that the family constitutes the primary community in which the Faith is passed on from generation to generation.
The Christian must also evangelize at his place of work, community, and through the parish.
圣徒的智慧
给我十个真正超脱的人,我就能与他们一起皈化世界。
—— 圣斐理伯·尼利
Wisdom of the Saints
Give me ten truly detached men, and I will convert the world with them.
— St. Philip Neri
讨论问题
Discussion Questions
请花时间与小组讨论这些问题。人多时可两两结对。下方提供的答案可帮助带领讨论。
Take a moment to go through these questions with the group. For larger classes, divide them up into partners. Answers are provided to assist you in leading discussion.
上个世纪教会的福传工作有何转变?
过去数百年,传教工作仅限传教士——通常是出国宣讲福音的神职与修会人士。近来,教会呼召所有人——平信徒与修道人——共同分享基督的福音。
基督徒首要在哪个场所进行福传?为何如此重要?
对在世俗中生活的平信徒而言,宣教门徒的生活始于家中;夫妻与子女首先彼此宣讲耶稣基督的真理。
父母在家中负有特别的福传使命。作为「子女的首要且第一教育者」(《教理》1653),父母首先向孩子介绍救恩的奥秘。家庭被称为「家庭教会」的原因之一,是它是信仰代代相传的首要共同体。
一家在餐桌祈祷 基督徒还需要在哪些地方福传?
How have the Church’s evangelical efforts shifted in the last century?
For many centuries, missionary work was reserved solely for missionaries, generally clergy and religious who traveled abroad to preach the Gospel. More recently, however, the Church has called each and every one of us, lay and religious alike, to share the Good News of Christ.
Where is the principal place Christians must evangelize? Why is this place so important?
For lay men and women who live out their Christian vocation in the world, the life of a missionary disciple begins at home. The members of a family—husband, wife, and children—proclaim the truth of Jesus Christ first and foremost to each other.
Parents have a particular duty in the home to evangelize. As the “principal and first educators of their children” (CCC 1653), parents are the first to introduce their children to the mysteries of salvation. One of the reasons why the family is called the “domestic church” (Pope Paul VI, Lumen Gentium, no. 11) is that the family constitutes the primary community in which the Faith is passed on from generation to generation.
Family praying at table What other places must the Christian evangelize?
在家庭之外,基督徒还应在工作场所和社区传播福音。堂区是带领他人归向基督的重要渠道;我们每个人都应积极参与堂区生活。
Beyond the home, it is important for the Christian to spread the Gospel in his place of work and in his community. The parish is a great channel for bringing others to Christ, and each and every one of us should strive to be active in our parish community life.
要理对接
Catechism Connection
要理对接
教会在各时代的传教义务与活力皆源自神对全人类的爱,「原来基督的爱激励我们」(林后5:14)。
—— 《公教会教理》851
Catechism Connection
It is from God’s love for all men that the Church in every age receives both the obligation and the vigor of her missionary dynamism, “for the love of Christ urges us on” (2 Cor 5:14).
— CCC 851
生活应用问题
Life Application Questions
可与小组讨论、两人结对,或个人默想以下问题。
Discuss these questions with the group, pair them with a partner, or ask them to meditate on their own.
你是否尝试过与他人谈论神?与你非公教的朋友谈论公教信仰时是否自在?
(请在此填写你的回应。)
想想你生活中可能被神呼召去福传的对象。你将从何处开始?
(请在此填写你的回应。)
你能为堂区做些什么?如何更积极参与堂区团体?
(请在此填写你的回应。)
Have you ever tried talk to other people about God? Are you comfortable discussing the Catholic faith with non-Catholics?
(Write your response here.)
Think of people in your life whom God may be calling you to evangelize. Where will you begin?
(Write your response here.)
What can you do for your parish? How can you be more active in the parish community?
(Write your response here.)
归信见证
Witness to Conversion
小组讨论结束后,请返回观看第二段视频,聆听几位皈依公教的人分享他们的归信经历,以及他们如今作为公教徒的生活。
After concluding your group discussion, return to watch the second video where converts to the Catholic faith discuss their conversion and how they live today as Catholics.
罗马到家
当代人更乐意聆听见证人而非教师;即便聆听教师,也因他们是见证人。
—— 教宗保禄六世,《福音宣讲》41
Rome to Home
Modern man listens more willingly to witnesses than to teachers, and if he does listen to teachers, it is because they are witnesses.
— Pope Paul VI, Evangelii Nuntiandi, no. 41
关键词汇
Key Terms
传教士(Missionary): 被差遣执行宗教使命、推广基督信仰的人。过去多指神职与修会人士;现代亦呼召平信徒首先通过圣德生活来承担传教使命。
Missionary: A person sent on a religious mission to promote Christianity. In centuries past, this was reserved for clergy and religious, but in modern times, lay people are also called to take up missionary efforts first and foremost by living lives of holiness according to their vocation.
福传(Evangelization): 宣讲福音、传播基督喜讯;为引人归向神所作的努力。
司牧(Stewardship): 监管或照管的任务;在基督徒语境中,做忠信管家即善用神所赐的一切恩赐(个人、物质或属灵),以荣耀神并拓展天国。
Evangelization: To preach the Gospel and spread the Good News of Christ; the efforts one undertakes to draw others to God.
Stewardship: The task of supervising or taking care of something or someone; in the Christian context, to be a good steward is to make good use of the gifts God has given us (whether personal, material, or spiritual) for his glory and the spread of the kingdom.
家庭教会(Domestic Church): 对家庭的称谓,意指家庭有责任营造欢迎、爱慕、讨论并敬拜基督的氛围。
Domestic Church: A name given to the home, referencing the family’s duty to foster an atmosphere where Christ is welcomed, loved, discussed, and worshiped.
神的话
「你们要互相款待,不发怨言。各人要照所得的恩赐彼此服事,作神百般恩赐的好管家。若有讲道的,要按着神的道讲;若有服事人的,要按着神所赐的力量服事,使神在凡事上因耶稣基督得荣耀。荣耀权能都归给他,直到永永远远。阿们。」
—— 彼得前书 4:9-11
God’s Word
Practice hospitality ungrudgingly to one another. As each has received a gift, employ it for one another, as good stewards of God’s varied grace: whoever speaks, as one who utters oracles of God; whoever renders service, as one who renders it by the strength which God supplies; in order that in everything God may be glorified through Jesus Christ. To him belong glory and dominion for ever and ever. Amen.
— 1 Peter 4:9–11
结束祷告
Closing Prayer
神啊,你愿万人得救、明白真道;恳求你差遣工人进入你的庄稼,并赐他们充分的信心去宣讲圣道,使你的福音在各处被听见并得荣耀,使万国认识你这位独一真神,及你所差的子耶稣基督,我们的主。阿们。
O God, who wills all to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth, send forth, we beseech you, laborers into your harvest and grant them with all confidence to preach the Word; that everywhere your Gospel may be heard and glorified, and that all nations may know you, the one True God, and him whom you have sent, Jesus Christ, your Son, our Lord. Amen.
居家复习
At Home Review
本段供学生在每次课程后阅读复习;你自己阅读亦有帮助。建议课前先读,以便更好带领讨论。
This serves as a review of the material that your students can read after each class, but it may be helpful for you to read as well. Consider reading it before each class to better prepare you for group discussion.
家庭教会及其延伸
The Domestic Church and Beyond
复活的主升天前,将传教使命托付给使徒:「所以,你们要去,使万民作我的门徒,奉父、子、圣灵的名给他们施洗,凡我所吩咐你们的,都教训他们遵守」(太28:19-20)。至今,教会仍忠于此命令,并「本质上具有传教性」(梵二《向万民》2),自觉肩负向一切善意男女宣报福音真理的责任。
Just before the Risen Lord ascended to heaven, he entrusted the apostles with the Church’s missionary mandate: “Go, therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you” (Mt 28:19–20). To this day, the Church adheres to the Lord’s commission and remains “missionary by her very nature” (Vatican II, Ad Gentes, no. 2). She understands herself to be essentially evangelical, to be the herald of Gospel truth to every man and woman of good will.
近几个世纪,教会的传教工作被视为专门任务,由少数被选者远赴异邦宣讲福音。然而在近几十年,基督徒更新了认识:所有门徒而非仅传教士,都蒙基督呼召去福传。耶稣颁给教会的传福音使命,在洗礼时赋予了每位成员;因此,做耶稣基督的门徒,就是积极参与教会福传生活。
In recent centuries, the Church’s missionary efforts were considered to be specialized, the work of a chosen few who brought the Gospel to foreign lands. In recent decades, however, Christians have renewed their understanding that all disciples, not just missionaries, are called by Christ to evangelize. The mandate that Jesus gave to the Church to spread the Gospel is imparted to each of her members at the moment of baptism. To be a disciple of Jesus Christ, therefore, is to be an active participant in the Church’s evangelical life.
对在世俗中履行圣召的平信徒而言,宣教门徒的生活始于家庭。家庭成员——夫妻与孩子——首先彼此宣讲耶稣基督的真理。共同祈祷、同领圣事、共享餐桌、分担家务——家人所做的一切,都能彰显基督在他们身上的力量与爱。
For lay men and women who live out their Christian vocation in the world, the life of a missionary disciple begins at home. The members of a family—husband, wife, and children—proclaim the truth of Jesus Christ first and foremost to each other. By praying together, celebrating the sacraments together, sharing meals together, performing chores together—in literally everything that the family does together—members of the family can manifest Christ’s power and love at work in each of them.
父母在家中负有特殊的福传职责。作为「子女的首要、第一教育者」(《教理》1653),父母首先向子女介绍救恩奥秘。当他们带着孩子接受洗礼时,实际上已承诺如此行。在洗礼礼中,祭司告诫父母:「你们的责任是按基督教导,以爱神爱邻的方式教导[你们的孩子]遵守神的诫命。」随后问:「你们清楚明白所承担的吗?」夫妇回答:「我们明白。」父母在代父母及教会牧者、要理讲师的帮助下,教孩子祈祷、传授教理、灌输基督徒德行,从而履行这承诺。家庭被称为「家庭教会」(教宗保禄六世,《Lumen Gentium》11)的原因之一,即家庭是信仰代代相传的首要共同体。
Parents have a particular duty in the home to evangelize. As the “principal and first educators of their children” (CCC 1653), parents are the first to introduce their children to the mysteries of salvation. They promise to do this, in fact, when they present their children for baptism. During…the baptismal rite, the priest instructs the parents: “It will be your duty to bring [your child] up to keep God’s commandments as Christ taught us, by loving God and our neighbor.” He then asks them: “Do you clearly understand what you are undertaking?” The couple responds: “Yes!” Parents fulfill this promise when, aided by godparents as well as by the Church’s pastors and catechists, they teach their children to pray, instruct them in Christian doctrine, and instill in them the lessons of Christian virtue. One of the reasons why the family is called the “domestic church” (Pope Paul VI, Lumen Gentium, no. 11) is that the family constitutes the primary community in which the Faith is passed on from generation to generation.
然而,「家庭教会」的成员并非只在家内福传;家人各自在外参与许多活动,如工作、学校、休闲等。在这些场合,基督徒男女老少都应以勇敢且审慎的方式见证真理与爱的福音。哪怕职场上一件最微小的慈善,也可能在远离基督的人心中结出意想不到的果实。
The members of the domestic church do not focus their evangelical efforts solely on the home, however. Each member of the family engages in many activities outside of the home. These activities include work, school, recreation, and the like. In each of these pursuits, Christian men, women, and children are to witness to the Gospel of truth and love in courageous but prudent ways. Even the smallest act of charity in the workplace, for example, can bear unexpected fruit in the lives of those who remain far from Christ.
介于家庭与工作、学校之间的是堂区。堂区同样是基督徒福传的焦点。虽由本堂神父协调、修会人士协助,但堂区福传生命要靠平信徒的努力才能兴旺。哪怕是最偏远的堂区,也为信徒提供多种机会分享时间、才干与财物,传播福音。无论是礼仪事工、扶贫团体、本地哥伦布骑士会,还是堂区要理教育计划,平信徒藉行使信、望、爱的德行,为他人益处可使这些德行更臻完善。如此,平信徒不仅在道德与经济上扶持堂区,也确保堂区在社区中持续成为真正的福传存在。
In between the home and the workplace and school lies the parish. The parish, too, can be a focus of the Christian’s evangelical efforts. Though coordinated by the pastor and perhaps assisted by religious, a parish’s evangelical life remains dependent upon the work of the lay faithful to thrive. Even the most rural parish offers parishioners a number of opportunities to share their time, talent, or treasure for the spread of the Gospel. Whether in liturgical ministries, societies for outreach to the poor, the local council of the Knights of Columbus, or the parish religious education program, lay men and women can bring the life of faith, hope, and charity to greater perfection by exercising these virtues for the good of others. In so doing, the lay faithful not only support their parishes morally and financially but they also ensure that the parish remains a true evangelizing presence in their communities.
深入阅读
Digging Deeper
Chautard, Jean-Baptiste.《The Soul of the Apostolate》,北卡夏洛特:TAN Books,2008。
Chautard, Jean-Baptiste. The Soul of the Apostolate. Charlotte, NC: TAN Books, 2008.
多明我圣西西利亚修女会,《A Short Guide to Praying as a Family: Growing Together in Faith and Love Each Day》,北卡夏洛特:St. Benedict Press,2015。
Dominican Sisters of St. Cecilia. A Short Guide to Praying as a Family: Growing Together in Faith and Love Each Day. Charlotte, NC: St. Benedict Press, 2015.