Chapter Ten: What Is an Honest Christian to Do?
第十章:诚实的基督徒该怎么做?
Where do we go from here? We have looked at passages in the Bible individually, trying to understand them in the way most consistent with historical events, the views of the early Church, the guidance of the Magisterium, and—most important—the context of Scripture itself. In this last chapter, we will take a slightly wider view, in an attempt to summarize the teaching of the Church concerning the end of the ages. Make no mistake: the Church’s message is a message of hope.
我们接下来该往哪里走?我们已经逐段查考了圣经,努力用最符合历史事件、初期教会观点、训导权引导,最重要的是符合圣经自身语境的方式来理解它们。在最后一章,我们将采取稍微宽广的视角,尝试总结教会关于末世的教导。请记住:教会的信息是盼望的信息。
Christ Will Return
基督必再来
First, we know that Christ will return. Rapturists often imply that because Catholics do not subscribe to an imminent secret rapture of believers only, we do not long for the return of Christ. This is absolute nonsense.
首先,我们知道基督必再来。被提论者常常暗示,因为公教徒不相信信徒会被秘密提走,所以我们并不渴望基督再来。这完全是无稽之谈。
The creed we recite every Sunday makes it abundantly clear that we hope for Christ’s return: “He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead.” This hope is also considered part of the mystery of faith we proclaim with the priest when we say, “Christ has died; Christ is risen; Christ will come again.”
我们每个主日所诵念的信经已经非常清楚地表达了我们对基督再来的盼望:「他要再来,荣耀地审判活人死人。」这份盼望也是我们与神父一起宣认信仰奥秘时所说的:「基督曾死,基督复活,基督还要再来。」
The Scriptures read during every Mass declare the hope of Christ’s return as a central focus of the Catholic Faith. This hope has been central since His first advent. The angels asked the disciples at the time of the Ascension, “Men of Galilee, why do you stand looking into Heaven? This Jesus, who was taken up from you into Heaven, will come in the same way as you saw Him go into Heaven” (Acts 1:11).
每次弥撒中所读的圣经,都把基督再来的盼望作为公教信仰的核心。这份盼望自祂第一次降临以来就一直是中心。升天时,天使对门徒说:「加利利人哪,你们为什么站着望天呢?这离开你们被接升天的耶稣,你们见他怎样往天上去,他还要怎样来」(徒1:11)。
Lest Catholics misunderstand the Liturgy and Scripture, the Catechism emphasizes the Church’s hope in the second coming: “Christ’s reign is yet to be fulfilled ‘with power and great glory’ by the king’s return to earth” (CCC, par. 671).
为了避免公教徒误解礼仪和圣经,公教会教理特别强调教会对基督再来的盼望:「基督的王权尚待『以大能大荣耀』在君王再临于地时实现」(公教会教理,第671段)。
Modern pessimists can learn a lesson from this unchanging hope of the Church. The fifteenth century saw popular fears similar in many ways to the paranoia of our day. Common wisdom held that the world was soon going to be destroyed. In 1459, Pope Pius II tried to allay these fears by clearly stating that “the world should [not] be naturally destroyed” (CUM). Christ is going to come back to a world that is still in existence. He will be the One to replace this old world with a new Heaven and a new earth. Perhaps it is a sign of twenty-first-century egoism that we believe it is possible for us to destroy the earth completely. No fear: we won’t. God will.
现代悲观主义者可以从教会这不变的盼望中学到功课。十五世纪曾有与我们今天类似的恐慌。普遍的看法认为世界很快就要毁灭。1459年,庇护二世教宗试图安抚这种恐惧,明确声明「世界[不会]自然毁灭」(CUM)。基督将要再来时,这个世界还会存在。祂将亲自用新天新地取代旧世界。也许我们相信自己能彻底毁灭地球,是二十一世纪自我中心的表现。别怕:我们做不到,只有神能。
The End Is “Here”
终结已经「来到」
Further, we know that Christ will return in these last days. We have already determined that the end of the ages started with the Messiah’s first advent, so we will not belabor the point (GR9). But next time you see a cartoon depicting a man with a sandwich board declaring, “The end is near!” remember that the Church declares, “The end is already here.” It has been here since the most important event of all history: the coming of the Son of God in the flesh.
此外,我们知道基督会在这些末世再来。我们已经确定,末世自弥赛亚第一次降临就开始了,所以不必赘述(GR9)。但下次你看到漫画里有人举着牌子写着「末日将近!」时,请记得教会宣告:「末日已经来到。」自神子道成肉身以来,这个最重要的历史事件就标志着末世的开始。
This is such a settled issue for the writers of the New Testament that it almost seems superfluous to pick out certain verses. But here are a few of them.
对新约作者来说,这个问题已经如此确定,以至于几乎不必再举经文。但这里还是列举几处。
On the day of Pentecost, St. Peter declared in his first apostolic sermon that the promised “last days” had arrived (Acts 2:17–18). St. Paul agreed with this appraisal: he wrote that his generation was the one “upon whom the end of the ages has come” (1 Cor. 10:11). The writer of Hebrews also perceived the first advent as the beginning of the last days: “In these last days He has spoken to us by a Son” (Heb. 1:2).
五旬节那天,圣彼得在第一次使徒讲道中宣告,所应许的「末后的日子」已经来到(徒2:17-18)。圣保罗也同意这个看法:他写道,他们那一代人就是「赶上了这世代的末了」(林前10:11)。希伯来书作者也认为第一次降临就是末世的开始:「在这末世,借着他儿子晓谕我们」(来1:2)。
The present successor to Peter has also reaffirmed this idea. In his general audience on April 22, 1998, Pope John Paul II stated, “We must not forget that for Christians the ‘eschaton,’ that is, the final event, is to be understood not only as a future goal, but as a reality which has already begun with the historical coming of Christ. His Passion, death, and Resurrection are the supreme event in the history of mankind, which has now entered its final phase.”
现任彼得继承人也重申了这一观点。在1998年4月22日的公开接见中,若望保禄二世教宗说:「我们不可忘记,对基督徒来说,『末世』,即最终事件,不仅应被理解为未来的目标,更是已经随着基督历史性降临而开始的现实。祂的苦难、死亡和复活是人类历史的最高事件,人类已经进入了最后阶段。」
I suppose we should not find it surprising, then, that the Catechism affirms this principle: “Since the Ascension God’s plan has entered into its fulfillment. We are already at ‘the last hour.’ Already the final age of the world is with us, and the renewal of the world is irrevocably under way.… Christ’s kingdom already manifests its presence” (CCC, par. 670).
所以,我们不必惊讶,公教会教理也肯定了这一原则:「自升天以来,神的计划已进入实现阶段。我们已经处于『末时』。世界的最后时代已经与我们同在,世界的更新不可逆转地展开……基督的国度已经显明其临在」(公教会教理,第670段)。
Of course, we ought to face up to the fact that we are all within “one generation” of meeting Christ’s judgment. For those of us who do not live long enough to see the second advent, Christ’s promise to come in judgment will not be broken. We, too, will suddenly be ushered into eternity to meet Christ—at our death. As even the Old Testament advises, “Remember your last days. Remember death and decay, and cease from sin!” (Sir. 28:6, NAB).
当然,我们也应正视这样一个事实:我们每个人距离基督审判都只有「一代人」之遥。对于那些活不到第二次降临的人来说,基督应许要来施行审判也不会落空。我们同样会在死亡时被带入永恒,去见基督。正如旧约也劝勉:「要记念你的末后。要记念死亡和败坏,就当止息罪恶!」(德28:6,思高本)。
Christ’s Return Will Be Unmistakable
基督再来必然显明
When Christ does return in these last days, it will be not in a hidden manner, but publicly and unmistakably. All the language of Scripture and the Church is clear on this. The second advent will be gloriously public. There will not be a secret rapture first, because that has never been taught by Scripture or by the Church. Scripture and the Church have never taught it because Jesus never did.
当基督在这些末世再来时,不会是隐藏的,而是公开且无可置疑的。圣经和教会的所有语言对此都很清楚。第二次降临将是荣耀而公开的。不会有先有秘密被提,因为圣经和教会从未这样教导。之所以没有教导,是因为耶稣从未这样教导。
Jesus did teach that “as the lightning comes from the east and shines as far as the west, so will be the coming of the Son of man” (Matt. 24:27). St. Paul taught in 1 Thessalonians 4:16 that “the Lord Himself will descend from Heaven with a cry of command, with the archangel’s call, and with the sound of the trumpet of God.” Both passages speak of the second advent as unmistakably obvious. There is nothing secret about lightning, cries of command, angel calls, or trumpets.
耶稣确实教导说:「闪电从东边发出,直照到西边,人子降临也要这样」(太24:27)。圣保罗在帖撒罗尼迦前书4:16中教导:「因为主必亲自从天降临,有呼叫的声音和天使长的声音,又有神的号吹响。」这两处都把第二次降临描述得极其明显。闪电、呼喊、天使的声音、号角声都不是秘密的。
In the general audience of April 22, 1998, Pope John Paul II reminded the faithful of this teaching: “The second coming of the Son of Man will not take place in the weakness of flesh, but in divine power.” This will make it public and obvious to all.
在1998年4月22日的公开接见中,若望保禄二世教宗提醒信众这一教导:「人子的第二次来临,不会以肉身的软弱,而是以神的大能显现。」这将使一切人都能公开、清楚地看到。
He Is Coming Like a Thief
祂来如贼
Although it is clear in Scripture that the second coming will be public, it will nevertheless burst upon the world unexpectedly, suddenly, and imminently. Jesus warned us to be prepared lest “that day come upon you suddenly like a snare” (Luke 21:34).
虽然圣经明确指出第二次降临将是公开的,但它仍会出其不意、突然、迫近地临到世界。耶稣警告我们要警醒,免得「那日子忽然临到你们像网罗一样」(路21:34)。
St. Peter reiterated the warning: “But the day of the Lord will come like a thief, and then the heavens will pass away with a loud noise, and the elements will be dissolved with fire, and the earth and the works that are upon it will be burned up” (2 Pet. 3:10).
圣彼得也重申了这个警告:「但主的日子要像贼来到一样,那日天必大有响声废去,有形质都要被烈火销化,地和其上的物都要烧尽了」(彼后3:10)。
St. Paul coined the “thief in the night” verbiage that has been so often misapplied to a secret, private rapture. But as we determined in our examination of the epistles, this passage is speaking of the second coming. “The day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night. When people say, ‘There is peace and security,’ then sudden destruction will come upon them as travail comes upon a woman with child, and there will be no escape” (1 Thess. 5:2–3). The destruction here is not the Great Tribulation, but our eternal judgment.
圣保罗创造了「夜间贼来」的说法,但这常被误用来指秘密、私下的被提。但正如我们查考书信时所确定的,这段经文说的是第二次降临。「主的日子要像夜间的贼来到。人正说『平安稳妥』的时候,灾祸就忽然临到他们,如同产难临到怀胎的妇人一样,他们绝不能逃脱」(帖前5:2-3)。这里说的毁灭不是大灾难,而是我们的永恒审判。
The Church has always spoken of the imminent return of Christ. Historically, that term had always meant that Christ could return during any generation. But rapturists have started to teach that it means Christ would rapture His believers at any moment, perhaps even before you finish reading this paragraph. They teach that there are no other events that must precede that rapture, not even the final confrontation between good and evil.
教会一直宣讲基督随时再来的观念。历史上,这个词一直意味着基督可能在任何一代人中再来。但被提论者开始教导说,这意味着基督随时会把信徒提走,甚至你读到这里时就可能发生。他们教导说,没有任何事件必须先于被提发生,甚至善恶的最终对决也不需要。
While they are certainly free to use language in their own manner, the Church uses the word as it always has throughout its two-thousand-year history. Christ may come back in our generation, or He may not. Only the Father knows. As the Catechism states, “Since the Ascension Christ’s coming in glory has been imminent, even though ‘it is not for you to know times or seasons.’ This eschatological coming could be accomplished at any moment, even if both it and the final trial that will precede it are ‘delayed’ ” (CCC, par. 673).
虽然他们当然可以用自己的方式使用语言,但教会始终如一地用这个词。基督也许会在我们这一代再来,也许不会。只有父知道。正如公教会教理所说:「自升天以来,基督荣耀的再来随时可能发生,虽然『那日子、那时辰』不是你们可以知道的。这末世性的来临随时都可能实现,即使它和将要先于它的最后考验都『延迟』了」(公教会教理,第673段)。
Only the Father Knows When
唯有父知道时间
The fact that the second advent will come unexpectedly implies that we do not know its timing. But we have such an innate curiosity about the end times, that we will be explicit: The second coming will occur at a time which only God the Father knows. Perhaps the most amazing verse in the entire Bible is found in Mark, where Jesus tells His disciples that even He is not privy to the timing of the second coming! “But of that day or that hour no one knows, not even the angels in Heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father” (13:32).
第二次降临会出其不意,这意味着我们不知道具体时间。但我们对末世的好奇心如此强烈,所以必须明确:第二次降临只有天父知道时间。也许整本圣经中最令人惊讶的一节经文就在马可福音,耶稣告诉门徒,连祂自己都不知道第二次降临的时间!「但那日子、那时辰,没有人知道,连天上的使者也不知道,子也不知道,惟有父知道」(可13:32)。
In Matthew, Jesus emphasizes that this ignorance extends even to committed Christians: “But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of Heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only. Watch therefore, for you do not know on what day your Lord is coming. But know this, that if the householder had known in what part of the night the thief was coming, he would have watched and would not have let his house be broken into. Therefore you also must be ready; for the Son of man is coming at an hour you do not expect” (24:36–44).
在马太福音中,耶稣强调这种无知甚至包括忠心的基督徒:「但那日子、那时辰,没有人知道,连天上的使者也不知道,子也不知道,惟有父知道。你们要警醒,因为不知道你们的主是哪一天来到。但要知道,家主若知道几更天有贼来,就必警醒,不容人挖透房屋。所以你们也要预备,因为你们想不到的时候,人子就来了」(太24:36-44)。
The desire to know the timing of God’s plans is so irresistible that even the disciples fell prey to its allure. Just before the Ascension, they asked the risen Christ whether He would consummate all things at that time. He replied, “It is not for you to know times or seasons which the Father has fixed by His own authority” (Acts 1:7). That should satisfy us, yet it so often does not. But it should.
想知道神计划时间的欲望如此难以抗拒,连门徒也未能免疫。升天前,他们问复活的基督是否要在那时成全一切。祂回答说:「父凭着自己的权柄所定的时候、日期,不是你们可以知道的」(徒1:7)。这本应让我们满足,但我们常常不满足。但我们应该满足。
That the timing of God’s plan is unknown and unknowable to us was an accepted fact in the early Church. Origen wrote, “We speak on this subject very cautiously and diffidently, rather by way of discussion than coming to definite conclusions. The end and consummation of the world will be granted, [but] God alone knows that time” (TPR, I, VI, 1–4). Origen had some peculiar beliefs, but in this he was solidly in the mainstream of the early Church Fathers.
神计划的时间对我们来说是未知且不可知的,这在初期教会是公认的事实。俄里根写道:「我们在这个问题上非常谨慎和谦逊地发言,只是讨论而不是下定论。世界的终结和成全必然会到来,[但]只有神知道那时刻」(TPR,I, VI, 1-4)。俄里根有些独特的观点,但在这一点上,他完全与早期教父一致。
God’s Mercy Delays Christ’s Return
神的怜悯延迟基督再来
As we wait for the glorious return of our Lord, we must remember that any apparent delay in the second coming is a result of God’s mercy.
在等候主荣耀再来时,我们必须记住,任何看似延迟的原因,都是出于神的怜悯。
We must keep in mind that God is in eternity, while we are in time. He sees the end from the beginning constantly, while we experience reality in sequential order. This is what St. Peter is referring to here: “With the Lord one day is as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. The Lord is not slow about His promise as some count slowness, but is forbearing toward you, not wishing that any should perish, but that all should reach repentance” (2 Pet. 3:8–9). Throughout history, some have tried to use this verse to determine the date of the second advent. But the thrust of the passage is not that we can mathematically corner God as to His plans, but that our perception of time is irrelevant.
我们要记得,神在永恒里,我们却在时间里。祂始终看见始与终,而我们只能顺序经历现实。圣彼得正是指这一点:「主看一日如千年,千年如一日。主所应许的尚未成就,有人以为他是耽延,其实不是耽延,乃是宽容你们,不愿有一人沉沦,乃愿人人都悔改」(彼后3:8-9)。历史上,有人试图用这节经文推算第二次降临的日期。但这段经文的重点不是我们能用数学方式逼问神的计划,而是我们的时间观念无关紧要。
Many unbelievers may find this delay a cause for derision. When Christian sects persist in setting dates that do not pan out, the mockery increases. This happened even in St. Peter’s time: “First of all, you must understand this, that scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own Passions and saying, ‘Where is the promise of His coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all things have continued as they were from the beginning of creation’ ” (2 Pet. 3:3–4). Things really have not changed all that much, have they?
许多不信者会把这种延迟当作嘲笑的理由。当基督教派不断设定日期却落空时,嘲笑就更多了。连圣彼得时代也有这种事:「第一要紧的,该知道在末世必有好讥诮的人随从自己的私欲出来讥诮说:『主要降临的应许在哪里呢?因为从列祖睡了以来,万物与起初创造的时候仍是一样』」(彼后3:3-4)。其实,事情并没有太大变化,不是吗?
There is a very good reason for God’s delay: everyone is not ready for Christ’s return just yet. After our study of The Apocalypse, we should anticipate this reason. The judgment of Jerusalem was delayed as long as possible, specifically to allow time for more Jewish people to be saved from judgment (Apoc. 7:3; GR3). The Catechism tells us, “The glorious Messiah’s coming is suspended at every moment of history until His recognition by ‘all Israel,’ for ‘a hardening has come upon part of Israel’ in their ‘unbelief’ toward Jesus. The ‘full inclusion’ of the Jews in the Messiah’s salvation, in the wake of ‘the full number of the Gentiles,’ will enable the people of God to achieve ‘the measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ’ in which ‘God may be all in all’ ” (CCC, par. 674).
神延迟的原因非常充分:并非所有人都已为基督再来做好准备。查考《启示录》后,我们应该预料到这个原因。耶路撒冷的审判被尽可能延后,正是为了让更多犹太人有机会得救(启7:3;GR3)。公教会教理告诉我们:「荣耀的弥赛亚来临,在历史的每一刻都被搁置,直到『以色列全家』承认祂,因为『以色列有几分是硬心的』,他们对耶稣的不信。犹太人『全家归主』,紧随『外邦人得救的数目』之后,将使神的子民达到『基督丰满身量的程度』,使『神在万有之中成为万有』」(公教会教理,第674段)。
The Final Battle Is Yet to Be Fought
最终之战尚未打响
The very next event on the “end-times agenda” is not a secret rapture, but the final massive assault upon the Church by the forces of Satan (Apoc. 20:7–9). There is yet to be one final battle between good and evil. Nowhere does Scripture or the Church teach that there is any event that must precede this final cosmic battle.
「末世议程」上的下一个事件不是秘密被提,而是撒但势力对教会的最后大规模攻击(启20:7-9)。善恶之间还要有最后一战。圣经和教会都没有教导说,在这场宇宙大战之前还必须有别的事件。
The Catechism summarizes this by saying, “Before Christ’s second coming the Church must pass through a final trial that will shake the faith of many believers. The persecution … will unveil the ‘mystery of iniquity’ in the form of a religious deception offering men an apparent solution to their problems at the price of apostasy from the truth” (CCC, par. 675).
公教会教理总结说:「在基督再来之前,教会必须经过最后的考验,这考验将动摇许多信徒的信心。逼迫……将以宗教欺骗的形式揭示『不法的奥秘』,这种欺骗为人类提供表面上的解决方案,却以背离真理为代价」(公教会教理,第675段)。
Although there may be thousands of years in which peace and godliness prevail before this final apostasy, that peace will not trigger the second advent. There will not be a gradual ascendancy that elevates the world to righteousness until we are good enough to merit Christ’s return.
即使在最终背道之前,有成千上万年和平与敬虔,但那种和平并不会引发第二次降临。不会有渐进的提升,使世界变得足够公义,从而配得基督再来。
Indeed, the emergence and ascendancy of evil will be the catalyst for the second coming. The Catechism states, “The kingdom will be fulfilled, then, not by a historic triumph of the Church through a progressive ascendancy, but only by God’s victory over the final unleashing of evil, which will cause His Bride to come down from Heaven” (CCC, par. 677).
事实上,邪恶的出现和兴起才是第二次降临的催化剂。公教会教理说:「那时,国度的实现不是靠教会在历史中的渐进胜利,而是靠神战胜邪恶最终爆发,使祂的新妇从天而降」(公教会教理,第677段)。
True, the assault of evil upon good has been almost without pause since the first advent. Both the New Testament writers and the Catechism recognize this. St. John wrote that many antichrists have come (1 John 2:18). The Catechism states, “Christ’s reign is still under attack by the evil powers, even though they have been defeated definitively by Christ’s Passover.… The present time is … a time still marked by ‘distress’ and the trial of evil which does not spare the Church.… The antichrist’s deception already begins to take shape in the world every time the claim is made to realize within history that messianic hope which can only be realized beyond history through the eschatological judgment. The Church has rejected even modified forms of … millenarianism, especially the ‘intrinsically perverse’ political form of a secular messianism” (CCC, pars. 671, 672, 676).
诚然,自第一次降临以来,邪恶对善的攻击几乎从未间断。新约作者和公教会教理都承认这一点。圣约翰写道,已经有许多敌基督出现(约一2:18)。公教会教理说:「基督的王权仍然受到邪恶势力的攻击,尽管祂已借逾越节彻底战胜了它们……现今仍是……一个充满『艰难』和邪恶考验的时期,教会也不能幸免……每当有人声称要在历史中实现只有在末世审判后才能实现的弥赛亚盼望时,敌基督的欺骗就已在世界中开始形成。教会甚至拒绝了……千禧年主义的变体,尤其是『本质上邪恶』的世俗弥赛亚主义政治形式」(公教会教理,第671、672、676段)。
But the final assault of evil will be so intense that many will be in danger of losing their faith. St. Paul’s letter to Bishop Timothy records, “Now, the Spirit expressly says that in later times some will depart from the Faith by giving heed to deceitful spirits and doctrines of demons” (1 Tim. 4:1). Satan’s ability to deceive humanity is now restrained by God. But during the final distress, Satan will be “released” from this restraint once again to weave his deceptive web with all his cunning (Apoc. 20:1–3, 7–10; 2 Thess. 2:7).
但最终邪恶的攻击将如此猛烈,以致许多人会有失去信心的危险。保罗写给提摩太主教:「圣灵明说,在后来的时候,必有人离弃真道,听从那引诱人的邪灵和鬼魔的道理」(提前4:1)。撒但迷惑人类的能力现在被神约束。但在最后的艰难中,撒但将再次被「释放」,用尽诡计编织迷网(启20:1-3, 7-10;帖后2:7)。
Has that final assault begun? I don’t know. But of one thing I am quite certain. If the final trial of evil is upon us, we are in its very early stages. Why do I believe that? There have been times when it was much harder to be a Christian than it is now: during Hitler’s Germany, Mao’s China, Stalin’s Russia, Elizabeth’s England, Voltaire’s France, Domitian’s Rome, and even Arian Egypt.
那最终的攻击已经开始了吗?我不知道。但有一点我很确定。如果最终的邪恶考验已经临到,我们还处在非常早期的阶段。为什么我这样认为?历史上有许多时期做基督徒比现在难得多:希特勒的德国、毛泽东的中国、斯大林的俄国、伊丽莎白女王的英格兰、伏尔泰的法国、多米田的罗马,甚至亚略的埃及。
The Antichrist Will Lead Satan’s Assault
敌基督将领导撒但的攻击
This intense assault of evil will be orchestrated by a man commonly referred to as the antichrist, the man of sin, and the son of perdition. St. Paul warns not to let anyone “deceive you in any way; for that day will not come, unless the rebellion comes first, and the man of lawlessness is revealed, the son of perdition” (2 Thess. 2:3).
这场猛烈的邪恶攻击将由一个人主导,他通常被称为敌基督、罪人之子、沉沦之子。保罗警告说,不要让任何人「用什么法子诱惑你们,因为那日子以前,必有离道反教的事,并有那大罪人,就是沉沦之子,显露出来」(帖后2:3)。
The early Church fully anticipated the revelation of the antichrist before the second coming. St. Jerome wrote, “I told you that Christ would not come unless antichrist has come before” (EPS). St. John Chrysostom preached, “The time of antichrist will be a sign of the coming of Christ” (HFT, 9). St. Augustine clearly concurred, “The kingdom of antichrist shall fiercely, though for a short time, assail the Church” (COG, XX, 23). It might be nice to be safely tucked away in Heaven when this happens, but all early Christians expected the Church to be party to this struggle.
初期教会完全预期敌基督会在第二次降临前显现。圣耶柔米写道:「我告诉你们,基督不会再来,除非敌基督先来」(EPS)。屈梭多模讲道:「敌基督的时代将成为基督再来的记号」(HFT,9)。奥古斯丁也明确同意:「敌基督的国度将猛烈地(虽然时间短暂)攻击教会」(COG,XX, 23)。如果那时能安全地被接到天上当然很好,但所有早期基督徒都预期教会要参与这场争战。
The antichrist need not be of Middle Eastern descent, as some rapturists have claimed. The final battle against Gog and Magog will be a spiritual struggle—which could very well begin anywhere in the world—and will present all Christians with a choice. The choice will be between God’s narrow way and the broad path to destruction, but it will not be presented by Satan’s side in those terms. “The supreme religious deception is that of the antichrist, a pseudo-messianism by which man glorifies himself in place of God and of His Messiah come in the flesh” (CCC, par. 675).
敌基督不一定像有些被提论者所说的那样是中东血统。与歌革和玛各的最终之战将是一场属灵争战——完全可能在世界任何地方开始——并会让所有基督徒面临选择。选择在于神的窄路与通向灭亡的宽路,但撒但一方不会用这些词来描述。「最高级的宗教欺骗就是敌基督,这是一种伪弥赛亚主义,人类以自己取代神和祂道成肉身的弥赛亚」(公教会教理,第675段)。
The antichrist will attack Truth at its core. He will attempt to replace the true worship of the Church with a counterfeit: “The son of perdition … [will take] his seat in the Temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God” (2 Thess. 2:3–4). Exactly how he will insert himself into the worship of the Church is unclear. But it seems likely that he will attempt a victory over the Church’s belief from within.
敌基督将从根本上攻击真理。他会试图用伪造的敬拜取代教会的真实敬拜:「沉沦之子……要坐在神的殿里,自称是神」(帖后2:3-4)。他究竟会如何插手教会的敬拜尚不清楚。但很可能他会试图从内部攻破教会的信仰。
This antichrist will be impossible to resist without God’s grace: “The coming of the lawless one by the activity of Satan will be with all power and with pretended signs and wonders, and with all wicked deception for those who are to perish.… Therefore God sends upon them a strong delusion, to make them believe what is false” (2 Thess. 2:9–11).
没有神的恩典,谁也无法抵挡这位敌基督:「这不法的人来,是照撒但的运作,用各样的异能、神迹、虚假的奇事,并且在那些灭亡的人身上,用各样不义的诡诈……因此,神就给他们一个生发错误的心,叫他们信从虚谎」(帖后2:9-11)。
The first-century Church certainly knew what persecution entailed: they endured the Great Tribulation! As a result, this theme of the antichrist loomed large in their faith. The author of the Epistle of Barnabas most likely had seen the Great Tribulation firsthand, and he stated, “The final stumbling block approaches.… Withstand … that the Black One may find no means of entrance.”
第一世纪的教会当然知道逼迫意味着什么:他们经历了大灾难!因此,敌基督的主题在他们信仰中占据重要地位。《巴拿巴书》的作者很可能亲眼见过大灾难,他说:「最后的绊脚石临近了……要坚守……让那黑暗者找不到入口。」
Yet even early on, the Church knew that the final confrontation would be similar, but worse than their experience. About halfway through the second century, Melito wrote, “With all his strength did the adversary assail us, even then giving a foretaste of his activity among us which is to be without restraint” (DRE, I, 8).
但即使在早期,教会也知道最终的对决会类似,但比他们的经历更严重。大约二世纪中叶,梅利托写道:「那对头曾用尽全力攻击我们,那时就已经让我们尝到了他将来不受约束时的作为」(DRE,I, 8)。
St. Athanasius fled before the persecution by the Arians. He said of the Church’s enemies, “They have not spared Thy servants, but are preparing the way for antichrist” (HOA, VIII, 79). This antichrist will do everything in his power to destroy Christ’s Church.
亚他拿修在亚略派逼迫下逃亡。他谈到教会的敌人时说:「他们没有怜悯你的仆人,反而为敌基督铺路」(HOA,VIII, 79)。这位敌基督将竭尽全力毁灭基督的教会。
Christ’s Return Will Win the Victory
基督再来将赢得胜利
On one point we can agree with rapturists. We know how the battle with the antichrist ends up: “The lawless one will be revealed, and the Lord Jesus will slay him with the breath of His mouth and destroy him by His appearing and His coming” (2 Thess. 2:8).
在这一点上,我们可以与被提论者达成一致。我们知道与敌基督的争战结局如何:「那不法的人必显露,主耶稣要用口中的气灭绝他,用降临的荣光废掉他」(帖后2:8)。
It will not be a long, drawn-out battle once Christ appears. The antichrist and his forces “surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city; but fire came down from Heaven and consumed them” (Apoc. 20:9).
一旦基督显现,这场争战不会拖延很久。敌基督和他的势力「围住圣徒的营与蒙爱的城,就有火从天降下来烧灭了他们」(启20:9)。
We have finally arrived at the actual second coming of our Lord and Savior, Jesus Christ. While it is certainly our job to resist evil at all times, the final victory cannot be won without Christ’s second advent. The victory will be won at the glorious appearance of Christ. Our responsibility is to endure and believe the Truth: “Here is a call for the endurance and faith of the saints” (Apoc. 13:10).
我们终于来到主耶稣基督实际第二次降临的时刻。虽然我们随时都要抵挡邪恶,但最终的胜利只有在基督再来时才能实现。胜利将在基督荣耀显现时得以实现。我们的责任是忍耐并坚信真理:「圣徒的忍耐和信心就在此」(启13:10)。
The Resurrection Will Follow
复活将随之而来
God’s mercy—in allowing time for more people to enter His Kingdom—is evident when we survey the series of events that transpire on the heels of the second advent. At the second coming, all people will then be resurrected. In his first letter to the Corinthians, St. Paul outlined a compelling argument refuting those who reject any future resurrection of the body. He completes his argument by saying, “For as in Adam all die, so also in Christ shall all be made alive” (1 Cor. 15:12–22).
当我们回顾第二次降临后发生的一系列事件时,可以看到神的怜悯——祂给更多人进入祂国度的时间。基督再来时,所有人都要复活。圣保罗在哥林多前书中提出有力论证,反驳否认将来身体复活的人。他总结说:「在亚当里众人都死了,照样,在基督里众人也都要复活」(林前15:12-22)。
Whether we are alive or dead at the second advent, we will be raised. “For God has not destined us for wrath, but to obtain salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ, who died for us so that whether we wake or sleep we might live with Him” (1 Thess. 5:9–10).
无论我们在基督再来时是活着还是死了,都要复活。「因为神不是预定我们受忿怒,乃是预定我们借着我们主耶稣基督得救。他替我们死,使我们无论醒着、睡着,都与他同活」(帖前5:9-10)。
This second resurrection is being postponed in mercy to allow more people to experience the first resurrection. Pope John Paul II stated in his April 22, 1998 General Audience, “The resurrection of the dead expected at the end of time already receives its first, decisive realization in spiritual resurrection, the primary objective of the work of salvation. It consists in the new life given by the risen Christ as the fruit of His redemptive work.”
这第二次复活之所以被延后,是出于怜悯,让更多人经历第一次复活。若望保禄二世教宗在1998年4月22日的公开接见中说:「末日所期待的死人复活,已经在属灵复活中获得了首次、决定性的实现,这正是救赎工作的首要目标。它就是复活的基督所赐的新生命,是祂救赎工作的果实。」
Then Comes the Final Judgment
然后是最后的审判
At the time of our resurrection, everyone will face the final judgment. The first-century Churchman Polycarp wrote, “Christ comes as the Judge of the living and the dead” (EPP, II). Although rapturists teach that Christians will not be judged at the Great White Throne, the Bible clearly teaches that they will. We examined this in the final vision of The Apocalypse, but first saw it in the Olivet Discourse. In Jesus’ parable, the Master rewards the works of His servants: “Well done, good and faithful servant; you have been faithful over a little, I will set you over much; enter into the joy of your master” (Matt. 25:21). These are servants of the Master, not enemies.
在我们复活的时候,每个人都要面对最后的审判。第一世纪的教会领袖坡旅甲写道:「基督要作为活人死人的审判者再来」(EPP,II)。虽然被提论者教导基督徒不会在大白宝座前受审,但圣经清楚教导他们会。我们在《启示录》最后的异象中查考过这一点,最早在橄榄山讲论中就见过。在耶稣的比喻里,主人奖赏仆人的行为:「好,你这又良善又忠心的仆人,你在不多的事上有忠心,我要把许多事派你管理,可以进来享受你主人的快乐」(太25:21)。这些都是主人的仆人,不是仇敌。
The Church’s voice has been loud and clear concerning the certitude of judgment: “God’s triumph over the revolt of evil will take the form of the Last Judgment after the final cosmic upheaval of this passing world” (CCC, par. 677). This final, general judgment does not negate the particular judgment that each of us will undergo immediately after death. As the Catechism clearly states, “The New Testament speaks of judgment primarily in its aspect of the final encounter with Christ in His second coming, but also repeatedly affirms that each will be rewarded immediately after death in accordance with his works and faith” (CCC, par. 1021).
教会关于审判的确定性一直声音洪亮:「神战胜邪恶叛乱的方式,将是在这个过渡世界最终宇宙动荡之后的最后审判」(公教会教理,第677段)。这最终的普世审判并不否定我们每个人死后立即要经历的个别审判。正如公教会教理明确指出:「新约主要从基督第二次来临与祂的最终相遇的角度谈论审判,但也反复肯定,每个人死后都要按其行为和信仰立即受赏罚」(公教会教理,第1021段)。
The Wicked Will Be Separated from God Forever
恶人将永远与神隔绝
Many of us shrink from a discussion of Hell and judgment, but Jesus spoke of Hell more than two dozen times. The wicked will spend eternity without any good or God. Rejection of God now leads to an eternity of anguish at being judged and sent out of God’s joyful presence forever. “Behold, the Lord came with His holy myriads, to execute judgment on all, and to convict all the ungodly of all their deeds of ungodliness which they have committed in such an ungodly way” (Jude 14–15). “Those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus … shall suffer the punishment of eternal destruction and exclusion from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His might, when He comes on that day to be glorified” (2 Thess. 1:8–10).
我们许多人不愿谈论地狱和审判,但耶稣谈论地狱的次数超过二十次。恶人将永远失去一切美善和神。现在拒绝神,将导致永远在被审判、被逐出神喜乐同在之外的痛苦中。「看哪,主带着千万圣者降临,要在众人身上施行审判,定一切不敬虔的人所行一切不敬虔的事」(犹14-15)。「不听从我们主耶稣福音的人……要受永远沉沦的刑罚,离开主的面和他权能的荣耀;这正是主降临要得荣耀的那日」(帖后1:8-10)。
Hell was not designed for mankind. It was created for rebellious angels such as Lucifer. But “for the cowardly, the faithless, the polluted, the murderers, fornicators, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their lot shall be in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone, which is the second death” (Apoc. 21:8). These will join the demons in Hell forever.
地狱本不是为人类预备的,而是为像路西弗这样的悖逆天使预备的。但「惟有胆怯的、不信的、污秽的、杀人的、淫乱的、行邪术的、拜偶像的和一切说谎话的,他们的分就在烧着硫磺的火湖里;这就是第二次的死」(启21:8)。这些人将与魔鬼一同永远在地狱里。
Eternal Life for the Righteous
义人得享永生
On the other side of the final judgment stands eternity. Time has been destroyed along with the old Heaven and earth. Those who have responded to God throughout their lives, the righteous, will experience no more death.
在最后审判的另一边,是永恒。时间与旧天旧地一同消逝。那些一生回应神的人,义人将不再有死亡。
This is the consummation of God’s plan. In John 3:16, we read, “For God so loved the world that He gave His only Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life.” Jesus offered eternal life to everyone: “Truly, truly, I say to you, he who hears my word and believes Him who sent me, has eternal life” (John 5:24).
这正是神计划的圆满。在约翰福音3:16我们读到:「神爱世人,甚至将他的独生子赐给他们,叫一切信他的,不至灭亡,反得永生。」耶稣向所有人应许永生:「我实实在在地告诉你们,那听我话、又信差我来者的,就有永生」(约5:24)。
With death conquered, sorrow itself will also be overcome. God “will wipe away every tear from their eyes, and death shall be no more, neither shall there be mourning nor crying nor pain anymore, for the former things have passed away” (Apoc. 21:4).
死亡既被征服,悲伤也将被消除。神「要擦去他们一切的眼泪,不再有死亡,也不再有悲哀、哭号、疼痛,因为以前的事都过去了」(启21:4)。
Glorified Bodies
荣耀的身体
Just as Christ’s body was resurrected, the righteous will now have glorified bodies. This new body will still be ours, but glorified. The Catechism states our belief simply and succinctly: “After the universal judgment, the righteous will reign forever with Christ, glorified in body and soul” (CCC, par. 1042).
正如基督的身体复活,义人也将拥有荣耀的身体。这个新身体仍然是我们的,但已被荣耀。公教会教理简明扼要地陈述我们的信仰:「普世审判后,义人将与基督一同永远作王,身心都得荣耀」(公教会教理,第1042段)。
St. Paul is very thorough in his treatment of our eternal bodies: “What is sown is perishable; what is raised is imperishable. It is sown in dishonor; it is raised in glory. It is sown in weakness; it is raised in power. It is sown a physical body; it is raised a spiritual body. If there is a physical body, there is also a spiritual body.… For this perishable nature must put on the imperishable, and this mortal nature must put on immortality. When the perishable puts on the imperishable, and the mortal puts on immortality, then shall come to pass the saying that is written: ‘Death is swallowed up in victory.’ ‘O death, where is thy victory? O death, where is thy sting?’ ” (1 Cor. 15:42–44, 53–55).
圣保罗对我们永恒身体的论述非常详尽:「所种的是必朽坏的,复活的是不朽坏的;所种的是羞辱的,复活的是荣耀的;所种的是软弱的,复活的是强壮的;所种的是血气的身体,复活的是灵性的身体。若有血气的身体,也必有灵性的身体……这必朽坏的总要变成不朽坏的,这必死的总要变成不死的。等这必朽坏的变成不朽坏的,这必死的变成不死的,那时经上所记『死被得胜吞灭』的话就应验了。『死啊,你得胜的权势在哪里?死啊,你的毒钩在哪里?』」(林前15:42-44, 53-55)。
Catholic theologians have discerned four qualities of the resurrected body described in this passage. If we follow St. Paul’s order, our new bodies will have incorruptibility, clarity, agility, and subtlety.
公教学者从这段经文中归纳出复活身体的四个特质。按圣保罗的顺序,我们的新身体将具备不朽性、明亮性、敏捷性和灵妙性。
Incorruptibility is also known as impassability. Our new bodies will not be susceptible to the elements, as are our present bodies. Temperature, food, stress, and pain will no longer affect us. As St. John states, we “shall hunger no more, neither thirst anymore, the sun shall not strike [us], nor any scorching heat” (Apoc. 7:16).
Clarity. The second glorious aspect of our new bodies has been described as clarity. An example of this quality can be found in the Transfiguration of Christ. Jesus’ “face shone like the sun” (Matt. 17:2). It seems that the glorious joy of being with God overflows from the soul into the body. The body brims up with this joy and becomes virtually luminous! This is what awaits those who love God!
Agility. Our new bodies will have agility—that is, they will have powers that at present belong only to the mind. For example, presently we can imagine ourselves in a certain place instantaneously. After the resurrection, the body will accompany the mind at that same lightning speed. To think of being in another location will be no swifter than traveling there in our glorified bodies. The mechanics of this are hard to comprehend, but we know that Jesus moved at will through space in His glorified body. Our abilities will be similar, because our bodies will be like His.
Subtlety. Finally, our glorified bodies will have subtlety; that is, they will be spiritual. This does not mean they will not be physical, but that the physical will be completely controlled by the spiritual. The best illustration of this can be found in the body of the resurrected Christ. His body was able to pass through walls and doors, yet at another time He could eat fish. His body was real and physical, but did exactly what He demanded of it (John 20:19, 26). It might seem like a trivialization, but in a sense it boils down to “mind over matter.”
不朽性,也称为不受感性。我们的新身体将不再像现在这样受自然界影响。温度、食物、压力和疼痛都不会再影响我们。正如圣约翰所说,我们「不再饥、不再渴,日头和炎热也必不伤害他们」(启7:16)。
明亮性。新身体的第二个荣耀特质被称为明亮性。基督变像时就是这种特质的例证。耶稣「脸面明亮如日头」(太17:2)。似乎与神同在的喜乐从灵魂溢出到身体,身体充满这种喜乐,几乎发光!这正是爱神之人所要得着的!
敏捷性。我们的新身体将有敏捷性——即拥有现在只有思想才有的能力。例如,现在我们可以瞬间想象自己在某地。复活后,身体会以同样的速度随思想移动。想到另一个地方,和荣耀身体实际到达那里一样快。虽然难以理解其机制,但我们知道耶稣在荣耀身体中可以随意穿越空间。我们的能力也会类似,因为我们的身体要像祂一样。
灵妙性。最后,我们的荣耀身体将有灵妙性,也就是属灵。这并不意味着它们不是物质的,而是物质完全受灵支配。最好的例证就是复活的基督身体。祂的身体能穿墙过门,但也能吃鱼。祂的身体是真实的、物质的,但完全顺服祂的意志(约20:19, 26)。这也许听起来有点轻描淡写,但某种意义上就是「心胜于物」。
We should remember that it was no easier for the early Church to accept this on faith than it is for us. Irenaeus died around 200 A.D., after a lifelong battle with the Gnostics. Like modernists, the Gnostics rejected any supernatural resurrection of the body. In answering them, Irenaeus wrote, “If men think only of the weakness of the flesh, and do not consider the power of Him who raises it from the dead, they ignore the might of God. We ought to infer God’s power in all these things from a consideration of our beginning; God took clay from the earth, and fashioned man.… This was a task far harder, far more incredible, than to restore this creature when it had been created and then re-dissolved into the earth. If God gave existence, when He so willed, to those who did not exist, much more will He restore those who have come into being to the life which He gave them, if He so wills” (AG, V, II, 2–3).
我们要记得,初期教会凭信心接受这些并不比我们容易。爱任纽约公元200年去世,终生与诺斯低派争战。像现代主义者一样,诺斯低派否认身体的超自然复活。爱任纽回应说:「如果人只想到肉体的软弱,而不思想那使它从死里复活者的能力,就忽略了神的大能。我们应当从起初推断神的能力;神用地上的尘土造人……这比恢复已被造又归于尘土的受造物要难得多、不可思议得多。如果神愿意,能使本不存在的存在,祂更能恢复已存在者的生命,只要祂愿意」(AG,V, II, 2-3)。
It is our present responsibility to treat our body and its appetites in the knowledge of its future total subjection to the spirit. Every committed Christian is in a lifelong struggle to keep his body and its appetites in subjection to his will. As we become more and more like Christ, we should be more and more in control of our earthly appetites. St. Paul expresses this thought like this: “When Christ who is our life appears, then you also will appear with Him in glory. Put to death therefore what is earthly in you” (Col. 3:4–5).
我们现在的责任,是以将来完全顺服灵的眼光对待自己的身体和欲望。每个委身的基督徒一生都在努力让身体和欲望顺服自己的意志。我们越像基督,就越能控制属世的欲望。圣保罗这样表达:「基督是我们的生命,他显现的时候,你们也要与他一同显现在荣耀里。所以要治死你们在地上的肢体」(西3:4-5)。
We Will Be in God’s Presence Forever
我们将永远在神的同在中
What will happen throughout all eternity? Christians will live without fear of death and will enjoy the Beatific Vision forever. It is hard to imagine the joy that God’s presence will bring to Christians: “For now we see in a mirror dimly, but then face-to-face. Now I know in part; then I shall understand fully, even as I have been fully understood” (1 Cor. 13:12). But while this joy is ultimately inexpressible, we already know that it will never fade. It is a joy reserved for the purified righteous ones. Jesus said, “Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God” (Matt. 5:8).
永恒里会发生什么?基督徒将无惧死亡,永远享受福乐直观。很难想象神的同在会带来怎样的喜乐:「我们如今仿佛对着镜子观看,模糊不清,到那时就要面对面了。我如今所知道的有限,到那时就全知道,如同主知道我一样」(林前13:12)。虽然这种喜乐最终难以言表,但我们已经知道它永不消逝。这是为被洁净的义人预备的喜乐。耶稣说:「清心的人有福了,因为他们必得见神」(太5:8)。
The Catechism quotes from St. Augustine’s City of God: “The New Testament uses several expressions to characterize the beatitude to which God calls man: the coming of the Kingdom of God; the vision of God; entering into the joy of the Lord; entering into God’s rest. ‘There we shall rest and see, we shall see and love, we shall love and praise. Behold what will be at the end without end. For what other end do we have, if not to reach the Kingdom which has no end?’ ” (CCC, par. 1720).
公教会教理引用奥古斯丁《神之城》:「新约用多种表达描述神召人进入的福乐:神国的来临、见到神、进入主的喜乐、进入神的安息。『在那里我们要安息并观看,我们要观看并相爱,我们要相爱并赞美。看哪,这就是无尽的终极。我们还有什么别的终极,不就是进入那无终的国度吗?』」(公教会教理,第1720段)。
The True “Blessed Hope”
真正的「有福盼望」
The prospect of this future joy should cause us to be hopeful in the present. In fact, this is the true meaning of the “blessed hope” of the Bible. The blessed hope is not some secret, private rapture designed to rescue believers from a Great Tribulation here on earth. Our hope awaits “the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ” (Titus 2:13). Our joy at His second advent will be evident and eternal; our hope will have been realized. We will see Christ as He is, for we will be like Him and with Him forever.
对未来喜乐的盼望应当让我们现在充满希望。事实上,这才是圣经「有福盼望」的真正含义。有福盼望不是某种秘密、私人的被提,用来把信徒从地上的大灾难中救走。我们的盼望是「等候所盼望的福,并等候至大的神和我们救主耶稣基督的荣耀显现」(多2:13)。我们在祂第二次降临时的喜乐将是明显且永恒的;我们的盼望将得以实现。我们要见祂的真体,因为我们要像祂、与祂永远同在。
Watch and Prepare
要警醒预备
Not only should we be presently hopeful. We should also be watchfully prepared. This is the message of Jesus: “Take heed, watch and pray; for you do not know when the time will come. Watch therefore—for you do not know when the master of the house will come, in the evening, or at midnight, or at cockcrow, or in the morning—lest he come suddenly and find you asleep. And what I say to you I say to all: Watch” (Mark 13:33–37). “Let your loins be girded and your lamps burning, and be like men who are waiting for their master to come home from the marriage feast, so that they may open to him at once when he comes and knocks” (Luke 12:35–36).
我们不仅要现在充满盼望,还要警醒预备。这是耶稣的信息:「你们要谨慎、警醒祷告,因为你们不晓得那日期几时来到。……所以你们要警醒,因为你们不知道家主什么时候来,或晚上,或半夜,或鸡叫,或早晨,恐怕他忽然来到,看见你们睡着了。我对你们所说的话,也是对众人说的:要警醒!」(可13:33-37)「你们腰里要束上带,灯也要点着,自己好像仆人等候主人从婚宴上回来,他来到叩门,就立刻给他开门」(路12:35-36)。
Cyril of Jerusalem told catachumens of the fourth century, “The Church declares … thou shouldest make thyself ready beforehand” (CAT, 15, 9).
耶路撒冷的区利罗曾对四世纪的慕道者说:「教会宣告……你应当预先做好准备」(CAT,15, 9)。
The New Testament exhortations to watchfulness are so abundant that perhaps the best strategy would be to cite the Catechism in summary: “The present time is … a time of waiting and watching” (CCC, 673).
新约中关于警醒的劝勉极其丰富,也许最好的总结方式就是引用公教会教理:「现今正是……等候和警醒的时期」(公教会教理,第673段)。
The Eucharist Best Helps Us Watch and Prepare
圣餐圣事最能帮助我们警醒预备
I have often been asked how to wait for the blessed hope. Besides living a holy life, how do we demonstrate daily our hopefulness and readiness? There is one method that surpasses all others in its efficacy and involves the battle strategy of the Lamb of The Apocalypse. We should be faithful in Eucharistic celebration! When we fully appreciate the hope that we have in our Faith, we will prepare ourselves with the best means available.
我常被问到,如何等候那有福的盼望。除了过圣洁的生活,我们每天如何表现出盼望和预备?有一种方法在功效上远超其他,并且与《启示录》中羔羊的争战策略有关。*我们应当忠心参与圣餐礼!*当我们充分体会信仰中的盼望时,就会用最好的方式来装备自己。
The Eucharist is the finest form of faithfulness in watching and waiting for three reasons. First, it is the best way to proclaim our Faith. Yes, the best way to tell the world about the mystery of salvation and the Lord’s sacrifice for them is not through writing or speaking, but through participation in the celebration of the Eucharist. St. Paul is very clear on this: “For as often as you eat this bread and drink the cup, you proclaim the Lord’s death until He comes” (1 Cor. 11:26). The Greek word for proclaim is kataggello, which means to “tell thoroughly.” It is more commonly translated as “preach” or “teach” in the New Testament. We should continue our faithful celebration of the Mass until the second coming; doing this thoroughly teaches the gospel to us and to others.
圣餐圣事是警醒等候中最忠心的表现,有三个原因。第一,它是宣认信仰的最佳方式。是的,向世界宣告救恩奥秘和主为他们所献祭的最好方式,不是写作或讲道,而是参与圣餐礼的庆典。圣保罗说得很清楚:「你们每逢吃这饼、喝这杯,是表明主的死,直等到他来」(林前11:26)。希腊文「表明」是kataggello,意思是「彻底宣告」。新约中常译为「传讲」或「教导」。我们应当持续忠心地举行弥撒,直到主再来;这样做彻底地把福音教导给我们自己和他人。
What is this gospel? Remember the strategy of the Lamb and the Church? It involved telling the Truth through the Eucharist: that what you see with your eyes is not all of reality, that humans are eternal beings who will live forever either in Heaven or in Hell, and that the choices we make in this life determine where we will spend eternity. The Eucharist explains this to the world “thoroughly.”
什么是福音?还记得羔羊和教会的策略吗?就是通过圣餐礼传讲真理:你眼睛所见并非全部现实,人是永恒的存在,将来要么在天堂、要么在地狱永远活着,而我们今生的选择决定我们将在哪里度过永恒。圣餐礼「彻底」地向世界说明了这一切。
The second reason the Eucharist is the finest form of faithfulness is also a major lesson of The Apocalypse. Remember the strategy of the dragon? It promised earthly success to its allies through deceit and earthly power. In response to the lies of Satan, the Eucharist not only preaches the Truth; the celebration of the Eucharist supernaturally empowers us to adopt the mindset of the Lamb. Because the Eucharist is a sacrament, it not only symbolizes the sacrifice of the one Man to lead us to eternal life; it is Christ: Body, Blood, soul, and divinity. As such, it builds the Truth of the Eucharist into our daily lives. Once imbedded, that Truth helps us to wait in hope.
圣餐圣事是最忠心表现的第二个原因,也是《启示录》的重要教训。还记得龙的策略吗?它用欺骗和世俗权力向同盟许诺地上的成功。面对撒但的谎言,圣餐礼不仅宣讲真理;圣餐礼的庆典以超自然的方式赋予我们羔羊的心志。因为圣餐圣事是圣事,它不仅象征那位带领我们进入永生之人的牺牲;它就是基督:祂的身体、宝血、灵魂和神性。因此,它把圣餐的真理建造进我们的日常生活。一旦内化,这真理就帮助我们在盼望中等候。
Not too long ago, I attended Mass at a conference at which I was a speaker. As it began, I realized anew the gospel message being played out before me. On my left was a Catholic man from the Middle East who had recently converted from Islam. On my right was a Nigerian priest. Next to him was a young Oriental man. In front of me were two little old ladies with white hair. Several rows up knelt a woman who had converted from Judaism a few years earlier. Behind me was a typical Catholic family with five or six young children. As the Mass progressed, I was in Heaven. I really was. Here was the family of God eating the marriage supper of the Lamb as one people. Here was revealed the mystery of the Kingdom, and the Kingdom values exhibited around me were being planted in my soul by Christ.
不久前,我在一次自己担任讲员的会议上参加了弥撒。弥撒开始时,我再次意识到福音信息就在我眼前上演。左边是一位来自中东、最近从伊斯兰教归信公教的男士。右边是一位尼日利亚神父。再旁边是一位年轻的东方男子。前面是两位白发苍苍的老太太。前几排跪着一位几年前从犹太教归信的女士。身后是一户典型的公教家庭,有五六个年幼的孩子。弥撒进行时,我仿佛置身天堂。真的如此。这里是神的家族,作为一个子民同领羔羊的婚宴。这里揭示了天国的奥秘,天国的价值观在我周围展现,并由基督种在我心里。
The third reason the Eucharist is the finest form of faithfulness is closely allied to the second. When we faithfully and hopefully celebrate the Eucharist, we participate in a spiritual adventure that actually hastens the second coming! That’s right. We may not know the time of Christ’s coming, but we do know that Christ’s return can be “hastened” through our worship. We find this truth in the Catechism: “The Holy Spirit’s transforming power in the Liturgy hastens the coming of the Kingdom and the consummation of the mystery of salvation. While we wait in hope He causes us really to anticipate the fullness of communion with the Holy Trinity” (CCC, par. 1107).
圣餐圣事是最忠心表现的第三个原因,与第二点密切相关。当我们忠心、满怀盼望地庆祝圣餐礼时,我们参与了一场属灵的冒险,这实际上会加速主的再来!没错。我们虽然不知道基督再来的时间,但我们知道,通过敬拜,基督的再来可以被「催促」。我们在公教会教理中看到这一真理:「圣灵在礼仪中的转化大能催促国度的来临和救恩奥秘的圆满。我们在盼望中等候时,祂使我们真实地预尝与至圣三一完全共融的喜乐」(公教会教理,第1107段)。
Sacraments not only symbolize a Truth; they actually have the supernatural power to accomplish what they symbolize. The joining of our hearts and souls in worship to the heart of the Church Triumphant as they celebrate the marriage supper of the Lamb transforms us. The Church Militant is supernaturally drawn to the Church Triumphant, and the Holy Spirit draws the New Jerusalem closer to that day when it will descend in glory to subsume the Church here on earth. The Eucharist transforms not only my personal inner reality, but the greater reality of the Church as well. As The Apocalypse makes clear, in the Mass, the Church on earth is most closely allied with the Church in Heaven. The Eucharist is the purest foretaste of Heaven on earth.
圣事不仅象征真理,实际上还有超自然的能力成就它们所象征的事。当我们在敬拜中与凯旋教会的心灵联合,一同庆祝羔羊的婚宴时,我们就被改变了。征战教会被超自然地吸引向凯旋教会,圣灵也使新耶路撒冷更接近那荣耀降临、吞并地上教会的日子。圣餐礼不仅改变我个人内在的现实,也改变教会更大的现实。正如《启示录》所表明的,在弥撒中,地上的教会与天上的教会最为紧密地联合。圣餐圣事是地上最纯粹的天国预尝。
“The Church celebrates the mystery of her Lord ‘until He comes.’ Since the apostolic age the Liturgy has been drawn toward its goal by the Spirit’s groaning in the Church: Maranatha! The Liturgy thus shares in Jesus’ desire: ‘I have earnestly desired to eat this Passover with you … until it is fulfilled in the Kingdom of God.’ In the sacraments of Christ the Church already receives the guarantee of her inheritance and even now shares in everlasting life, while ‘awaiting our blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God and Savior, Christ Jesus’ ” (CCC, par. 1130).
「教会庆祝主的奥秘,直到祂再来。自使徒时代以来,礼仪就在圣灵在教会中的叹息中被吸引向其目标:玛拉纳塔!礼仪因此分享了耶稣的渴望:『我很愿意和你们吃这逾越节的筵席……直到在神的国里成全。』在基督的圣事中,教会已经获得了产业的保证,并且现在就分享永恒的生命,『等候我们有福的盼望,就是至大的神和我们救主基督耶稣荣耀的显现』」(公教会教理,第1130段)。
“Maranatha! Amen. Come, Lord Jesus!”
「玛拉纳塔!阿们。主耶稣,请来!」